In accordance with the Federal Law "On the basics of tourism activities in Russian Federation» No. 132-FZ of November 24, 1996

“... The priority areas of state regulation of tourism activities are the support and development of internal, entry, social and amateur tourism…”.

Russia has a huge potential both for the development of domestic tourism and for the reception of foreign travelers. It has everything you need - a huge territory, a rich historical and cultural heritage, and in some regions - untouched, wild nature.

In the rich history of Russia at different times, the Vikings, ancient Slavs, Mongol-Tatars, Cumans, Scythians, Swedes, Teutons, Greeks, Genoese and other peoples left their traces. Our ancestors inherited from them appearance, faith, different cultures, languages ​​and traditions. This stimulates the development of domestic and inbound tourism - makes modern Russians and foreign tourists interesting to each other. Grand dukes, monarchs and emperors annexed and lost lands and peoples, travelers went further and further into the depths of the North, Siberia and the Far East and discovered new expanses, rivers, seas and oceans. Democratic and authoritarian sovereigns, replacing each other, built palaces and estates, created museums, destroyed churches and Buddhist temples, left behind mausoleums, grandiose high-rise buildings, powerful hydroelectric power stations and at the same time camps for the repressed, corn fields, opened the space age, created unique samples armaments and restored temples. All these events and deeds have made Russia the way everyone in the world can see it. excursion (cultural and educational) tour.

The following types of tourism can be distinguished.

Excursion tourism- travel for educational purposes. This is one of the most common forms of tourism.

Recreational tourism– travel for rest and treatment. This type of tourism is very common all over the world.

Ethnic tourism- trips to visit relatives. Travel agencies help with the issuance of transport tickets, passports, visas, etc.

Sports tourism- trips to participate in sporting events. In this case, both the leaders of sports teams, the organizers of competitions, as well as fans and those who simply want to attend the competition resort to the services of travel companies.

Target tourism is a trip to various public events.

Religious tourism- a journey aimed at performing any religious procedures, missions.

Caravanning– travel in small mobile houses on wheels.

Adventure (extreme) tourism- tourism associated with physical exertion, and sometimes with a danger to life.

Water tourism- trips on board a motor ship, yacht and other river and sea vessels along rivers, canals, lakes, seas. Geographically and in time, this tourism is very diverse: from hourly and one-day routes to multi-week cruises on the seas and oceans

Business tourism- travel related to the performance of professional duties. In connection with the general integration and the establishment of business contacts, business tourism is becoming increasingly important from year to year.

The main objects of interest of tourists in educational tourist trips (excursion tourism) are the historical, ethnographic, architectural, social, cultural resources of the country.

To approach the disclosure of the topic of the organization excursion programs for tourist routes, it is necessary to first define the terminology for tourist and excursion topics.

Many authors of specialized literature on the problems of tourism and service give their own interpretation of the terms on tourism topics. So, Ismaev Donat Karimullovich in his book “The main activity of a travel company” considers, for example, tourism product- a set of services purchased by a tourist from a travel company that is necessary for his tourist trip. This complex, in his opinion, usually includes various options for transportation, accommodation in accommodation facilities, meals, meetings and seeing off at stopping points, excursion and entertainment activities .

Further, D.K. Ismaev considers the term " package of services» one of the two components tour, tourist route. From this definition it is clear that the concept of "service package" at same concept tour.

According to this terminology, the concept tour can rightly be considered much broader than the concept tourist product, since only the right to tour is considered a tourist product.

In addition, the relevant terms with definitions are adopted in the legal and regulatory documentation governing tourist and excursion activities in our country.

In this paper, the following basic concepts are used, enshrined in the Law "On the Fundamentals of Tourism in the Russian Federation" and state standards (GOSTs) regulating tourism and excursion services:

tour operator activity- activities for the formation, promotion and sale of a tourist product, carried out by a legal entity (hereinafter referred to as the tour operator) (GOST R 50690-2000);

travel agency activity- activities to promote and sell a tourist product, carried out by a legal entity or an individual entrepreneur (hereinafter referred to as a travel agent) (GOST R 50690-2000);

tourist activity- tour operator and travel agency activities, as well as other travel organization activities (Law "On the basics of tourism activities" No. 132-FZ of November 24, 1996;

tourism industry- a set of hotels and other accommodation facilities, means of transport, sanatorium and resort treatment and recreation facilities, catering facilities, entertainment facilities and facilities, educational, business, medical and recreational, sports and other purposes, organizations that carry out tour operator and travel agency activities, operators of tourism information systems, as well as organizations providing services of guides (guides), guides-translators and instructors-guides ( Law "On the basics of tourism activities");

tourism - temporary departures (travels) of citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons (hereinafter referred to as citizens) from places of permanent residence for recreational, educational, professional, business, sports, religious and other purposes without engaging in paid activities in the country (place) of temporary residence (GOST R 50690-2000);

inbound tourism- tourism within the territory of the Russian Federation of persons who do not permanently reside in the Russian Federation (the term is taken from GOST R 50690-2000. Tourist services. General requirements);

tourist - a person visiting the country (place) of temporary stay for health-improving, recreational, educational, physical culture and sports, professional and business, religious and other purposes without engaging in activities related to generating income from sources in the country (place) of temporary stay, for a period from 24 hours to 6 months in a row or spending at least one overnight stay in the country (place) of temporary residence (GOST R 50690-2000);

tour - a set of services for accommodation, transportation, meals for tourists, excursion services, as well as services of guides-interpreters and other services provided depending on the purpose of travel (GOST R 50690-2000);

tourist route- a predetermined path tourist trip(excursions, travel), characterized by a certain order of movement of tourists through geographical points(The term is taken from GOST R 50681-94. Tourist and excursion services. Designing tourist services.)

excursionist - a person visiting the country (place) of temporary stay for educational purposes for a period of less than 24 hours without spending the night in the country (place) of temporary stay and using the services of a guide (guide), guide-interpreter (GOST R 50690-2000);

tour guide (guide)- a professionally trained person carrying out activities to familiarize sightseers (tourists) with display objects in the country (place) of temporary residence (GOST R 50690-2000);

guide-interpreter- a professionally trained person who is fluent in a foreign language, knowledge of which is necessary for translating and carrying out activities to familiarize sightseers (tourists) with display objects in the country (place) of temporary residence (GOST R 50690-2000);

excursion service - a tourist service to meet the cognitive interests of tourists / sightseers, including the development and implementation of excursion services or individual excursions, the organization and conduct of travel excursions (from GOST R 50690-2000);

excursion(from lat. excursio- walk, trip) - a collective visit to a museum, a place of interest, an exhibition, an enterprise, etc.; trip, walk for educational, scientific, sporting or recreational purposes. The display of objects takes place under the guidance of a qualified specialist - a guide, who conveys to the audience a vision of the object, an assessment of the memorable place, an understanding of the historical event associated with this object. Excursions can be both independent activities and part of a complex of tourist services. (Wikipedia):

technological map of the excursion- a technological document that determines the logical sequence of sightseeing on the route. (from GOST R 50681-94.)

Tour operating - a type of tourism business for completing tours from services offered by partner organizations-service providers (transport companies, hotel companies, sightseeing, entertainment companies, etc.). However, in reality, tour operating is much broader and involves the provision of both basic (tour package) and additional services (consumed on the spot for cash) to tourists.

The development of tourism within the country, including domestic and inbound tourism, is impossible without the development of domestic tour operating. There are two models of tour operating on the market - proactive and receptive. Initiative tour operating is a tour operating on departure, receptive - on reception. In a general sense, both types of entrepreneurial activity in the tourism market are defined as the activities of tour operators, i.e. activity on a complete set of a tourist product. However, despite the general similarity of the activities of proactive and receptive tour operating, there are still significant differences.

Sending tourists abroad, the initiative tour operator forms its tourist product from the services of receptive tour operators at the reception in the countries of visit, transport, visa, insurance and some other services. The service infrastructure for its consumers is created by service providers.

The tourist product (tour) consists mainly of transportation, accommodation and entertainment. Aviation, maritime, railway, automobile companies, as well as hotels and other accommodation facilities work to produce a tourist product, museum and excursion business, places of mass entertainment, sports, resort organizations, etc. Manufacturers of a tourist product - tour operators (TO) sell their products both directly to the buyer and indirectly through travel agents (TA). (see diagram in Figure 1).

A tour operator is a travel company (organization) engaged in completing tours under contracts with service providers and in accordance with the needs of tourists. A tour operator is a travel package manufacturer. He is engaged in the development of tourist routes and a complete set of tours; ensures their functioning, organizes advertising, calculates prices for tours on these routes, sells tours directly to tourists or through the mediation of travel agencies. The tour operator provides tourists with a variety of tourist services and at the same time simplifies ordering services in other cities and areas, taking on these functions.

The functions of a tour operator in the market can be compared with the activities of a wholesale trade enterprise: it purchases large volumes of services from hotels, transport and other tourism industry enterprises and combines its own tour programs from them, which it sells through travel agencies or directly to the consumer (tourist).

Figure 1 shows the formation of a tour (tour package) and its implementation.

The functions of the tour operator are:

1. Studying the needs of potential tourists for tours and tourist programs.

2. Drawing up promising service programs, tours and testing them on the market in order to identify compliance with the needs of tourists.

3. Interaction with service providers for tours on a contractual basis, with:

Hotels - to provide tourists with accommodation;

Catering enterprises - providing food to tourists;

Transport enterprises, firms and companies - to provide transport services for tourists;

Excursion companies, museums, exhibition halls, parks and other institutions - to provide tourists with excursion services;

Firms providing various household services - for the appropriate service to tourists;

The administration of sports facilities - for the opportunity for tourists to use sports facilities;

Managers of shows, cinema, video, theater enterprises - for tourists to visit them;

Directorates of reserves, reserves, landscape gardening, hunting and fishing farms - in order to provide tourists with recreation and services in such areas;

1.1 Tour content

As already said, " package of services"is one of the two components tour, which, in terms of its content, functional and quality properties, must satisfy the traveling tourist. The first component of the tour is tourist route, which plays a big role in giving it the necessary attractiveness, satisfying the dreams, wishes and interests of tourists.

Package of services- this is the second component of the tour, which, in terms of its content, functional and quality properties, should satisfy the traveling tourist. Service packages can have a variety of options depending on the quantity, functionality and quality of the services included in them. A typical package model is a complex that includes accommodation services, meetings and farewells, meals and excursions (see Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Components of the service package.

Based on the interests of tourists, the availability of free time and financial opportunities, tour operators should present various tour options, for example:

Tours of various duration (7, 10, 14 and other number of days);

Tours with a different set of services (accommodation + breakfast, half board, full board, "all inclusive");

Tours of various classes (accommodation in hotels of various classes);

- various options for excursions;

Tours at different times of the year (seasonal, off-season, off-season trips).

Technological documents of the tour are regulated by GOST R 50681-94.

In table. 1 gives the priorities of tourists depending on age.

The development of tours is a complex and time-consuming process, since many small things must be taken into account in the development process in order to ultimately develop and put into operation a competitive tour.

The tour development technology includes 18 main stages, including:

- tourist and excursion service program: days of service, list of topics of excursions, duration of excursions;

Map-scheme of the route;

Reference materials on the route.

If the tour operator does not have its own excursion department, then an agreement is made with tour company which includes the following items:

The name and duration of excursions, the method of transportation on them (bus, pedestrian, motor ship, etc.);

Prices for excursions;

The number of tourists in the group on each excursion

Liability for the disruption of the tour (the fault of the tour company or tour operator).

Agreement with the museum. The agreement with the museum includes:

Options for excursions and their topics;

The number of tourists in the group;

Prices for excursions (differentiated - for group and individual, by age, etc.);

Discounts for group visits to the museum;

Deadlines for submitting applications for excursions;

Cancellation deadlines;

Liability for the disruption of the museum tour due to the fault of one of the partners, etc.

We should not forget about additional services, that is, those that are not included in the tour package. They are provided to tourists on site for an additional fee. These are usually specific excursions, shows, sea, mountain or river walks, visits to water parks, national parks and reserves, safaris in the mountains and deserts, hunting, fishing and much more. Separate agreements are drawn up with enterprises providing these services in order to provide tourists with them and receive preferential prices by purchasing tickets for group visits.

Table 1. Priorities of tourists depending on age

Place of priority	Young lonely people	Young single couples	Family couples with children	Average age (45 years -	Third age (over 64 years old)
	Visiting bars, clubs, discos	Passive rest	Vacation with family	Excursions	Excursions
	sunbathing	Gastronomy	Passive rest	Passive rest	Nature trips
	Excursions	Excursions	Excursions	Nature trips	Gastronomy
	Passive rest	Vacation with a partner	sunbathing	Gastronomy	Passive rest
	Nature trips	sunbathing	Gastronomy	Nature trips	Holidays with a partner / friends

2. EXCURSION PROGRAMS.

The concept and essence of the excursion. Excursion preparation technology. Technological map of the excursion

The modern tourist market requires a new approach to the organization of excursion activities as one of the main components of the tourist product. Tour operators creating an excursion product in a package of services must have their own original brand, take into account consumer demand and service differentiation. (B.V. Emelyanov)

The birth of new tourist routes leads to the emergence of new sightseeing objects, the diversity of the tourist product.

Obviously, the excursion program is one of the important components of the "tourist product" and is a visual process of human cognition of the surrounding world. The impression of the country we visit depends on how competently it is compiled and at what level the excursions are conducted. In other words, excursion is the main component of the tour, its core. Only complex sports trips and a few specialized tours, such as hunting and fishing, can do without it. When organizing other types of tourism - cultural, archaeological, botanical, scientific, ecological, contemplative, religious, educational, educational - excursions are necessarily included in the travel programs.

According to the classification of B. V. Emelyanov, excursions are classified:

- review(multi-dimensional), thematic, educational and advertising . Overview the tour, as a rule, is multi-themed, using historical and modern material. It is built on the display of various objects - historical and cultural monuments, buildings and structures, natural objects, places of famous events, elements of city improvement, industrial and agricultural enterprises, etc. In sightseeing tours, events are described in close-up. This gives a general idea of ​​the city, region, region, republic, state as a whole. The chronological framework of such an excursion is the time of the existence of the city from the first mention of it to the present day and the prospects for development.

Thematic the excursion is devoted to the disclosure of one topic, and the process of perception of objects by sightseers is subordinated to the task of its disclosure. Thematic excursions are divided into historical (local history, archaeological, ethnographic, military history, historical and biographical, excursions to historical museums); industrial (industrial-historical, industrial-economic, industrial-technical, vocational-orientation for students); natural history or ecological; art criticism (historical and theatrical, historical and musical, folk art crafts, places of life and work of cultural figures, art galleries and exhibition halls, museums, workshops of artists and sculptors); literary (literary-biographical, historical-literary, literary-artistic); architectural and urban planning (with a display of the architectural buildings of a given city, associated with the display of architectural monuments of a certain historical period, giving an idea of ​​​​the work of one architect, introducing the planning and development of cities according to master plans, with a demonstration of samples of modern architecture, excursions to new buildings).

Educational excursion is considered as a form of educational work for various groups of tourists (excursion-consultation, excursion-demonstration, excursion-lesson, educational excursion for a special audience)

2. By composition and number of participants are divided into individual, collective, for the local population, visiting tourists, adults and schoolchildren, etc., taking into account the peculiarities of perception.

3. By venue: urban, suburban, industrial, museum, complex.

4. According to the method of movement: pedestrian and transport, consisting of two parts: an analysis of sightseeing objects at stops and a story along the way of material related to the characteristics of monuments and memorial places that the group passes by.

5. By duration.

6. By the form of holding: excursion-extras, excursion-walk, excursion-lecture (the story prevails over the show), excursion-concert is dedicated to the musical theme with listening to musical works, excursion-performance based on specific works of fiction, etc.

Currently, the majority of tourists use group tours. Tours have certain requirements. The main requirement for any excursion is that it must be conducted by a highly qualified guide who has a license issued by the country's tourist authorities.

The quality of the excursion program, in addition to the professionalism of the guide, depends on many factors (the intensity of car traffic near the objects of the show, the possibility of parking a bus or car near the object of the show, the weather, the schedule of excursion objects, the organization of tourists), which must be taken into account by the tour operator.

It should be noted that the main competitive advantages of educational tours are the originality, content and quality of the excursion programs in their composition.

Recently, individual tourism has become more and more popular. Tourists can order individual excursions. Consequently, excursion service is both an independent activity and part of a complex of tourist services.

The process of preparing a new excursion includes:

The definition of the topic,

Goal setting for the tour

Study and selection of excursion objects,

Planning an itinerary,

The study of literary sources on the topic of excursions, expositions and museum funds,

Expert advice,

Writing the control text of the excursion,

Acquisition of the "portfolio of the guide",

The choice of methodological methods for conducting an excursion,

Drawing up a technological map of the excursion.

Stage 1: Determination of the purpose and objectives of the excursion (inbound tourism).

The purpose of the tour can be:

Showing the achievements of the city in the country's economy

Showing the historical role of the city

Acquaintance with the work of an outstanding architect

Acquaintance with the peculiarities of the nature of the region

Expanding horizons

Obtaining additional knowledge in various fields of science and culture.

Goals and objectives determine the final selection of excursion objects, the route of the excursion, the content of the excursion story, the selection of visual aids from the "guide's portfolio", the emotional mood of the excursion and its individual parts.

Stage 2: Choosing a topic for the tour.

The choice of topic depends on potential demand, a specific order, or the targeted creation of a specific theme for the tour. Each excursion should have its own clearly defined theme (see the classification according to B. V. Emelyanov).

General requirements for tour name the following are considered: individuality, accuracy, figurativeness, ease of remembering and reproduction, euphony, absence of negative associations, meaningful meaning

Stage 3: Selection of literature and compilation of bibliography.

During the development of a new excursion, a list of Internet resources, books, brochures, articles published in newspapers and magazines is compiled that reveal the topic.

Other sources may also be used. The author of the tour compiles a list of them, which includes state archives, museums, chronicle-documentary and popular science films, which contain materials on the topic of the tour. Memoirs of participants and eyewitnesses of historical events can be used as a source. At the same time, only reliable, carefully verified facts and information should be selected for the story.

Stage 4: Selection and study of excursion objects.

Showing objects, as already noted, is the part that occupies a dominant position in the tour. The correct selection of objects, their number, the sequence of display affect the quality of the tour.

Objects can be:

Memorable places associated with historical events in the life of our people, the development of society and the state (for example, Kulikovo Pole, Borodino, the sites of the Battle of Kursk).

Buildings and structures, memorial monuments associated with the life and work of prominent personalities, works of architecture and urban planning, residential and public buildings, buildings of industrial enterprises, engineering structures (fortresses, bridges, towers), mausoleums, cultural buildings and other buildings.

natural objects- forests, groves, parks, rivers, lakes, ponds, nature reserves and reserves, as well as individual trees, relict plants.

Expositions of state and folk museums, art galleries, permanent and temporary exhibitions

Monuments of archeology - settlements, ancient sites, settlements, mounds with burials, earthen ramparts, roads, mine workings, paddocks, sanctuaries, canals.

Monuments of art - works of fine, decorative and applied art, sculpture, landscape gardening and other art.

Excursion objects are classified:

By functional purpose - the main ones, which serve as the basis for the disclosure of subtopics, and additional ones, shown during transfers between the main objects in the course of logical transitions in the story.

According to the degree of preservation - fully preserved, survived to this day with significant changes, partially preserved, lost.

Stage 5: Drawing up the route of the excursion.

The route of the tour is the most convenient route for the tour group, contributing to the disclosure of the topic. It is built depending on the most correct sequence of objects inspection for a given excursion, the availability of sites for the group location, the need to ensure the safety of tourists. One of the tasks of the route is to contribute to the most complete disclosure of the topic.

The main requirements that must be taken into account by the compilers of the route are the organization of the display of objects in a logical sequence and the provision of a visual basis for the disclosure of the topic.

In the practice of excursion institutions, there are three options for building routes:

Chronological. An example of a chronological route is excursions dedicated to the life and work of prominent people;

Thematic. According to the thematic principle of building an excursion, one can note excursions related to the disclosure of a certain topic in the life of the city;

Thematic and chronological. All sightseeing city tours are built according to the thematic and chronological principle.

Route development is a complex multi-stage procedure that requires a fairly high qualification and is one of the main elements of the technology for creating a new excursion. The route is built according to the principle of the most correct sequence of inspection of objects and is planned taking into account the following requirements:

The display of objects should be carried out in a certain logical sequence, avoiding unnecessary repeated passages along the same section of the route.

Availability of an object

Moving or moving between objects should not take 10-15 minutes, so that there are no too long pauses in the show and story

Availability of well-maintained stops, including sanitary, and parking places for vehicles.

The development of the route ends with drawing up a map of the excursion route with the names of all the streets and squares that the group should follow, with the display objects and places of exit of the tourists from the bus, with indications on which sections this or that subtopic of the excursion is considered.

Stage 6: Acquisition of the "Portfolio of the guide".

"Guide's portfolio" is a set of visual aids for excursions, which should complement and restore the missing links of the visual range. This is especially important in cases where the display objects have come down to us in a modified form or have not been preserved at all. Then photographs, drawings, drawings will help restore the original appearance of the object.

The “guide portfolio” includes: photographs of people related to the topic of the tour, reproductions of paintings, geographic Maps, maps, which depict, for example, military events, product samples of industrial enterprises, herbarium sheets, geological samples, tape recordings and other illustrative material that helps to saturate the tour with visual images.

Stage 7: Determining the technique of conducting an excursion

The excursion technique combines all organizational issues of the excursion process. At this stage, it is important to formulate recommendations: on the use of pauses in the tour; on respecting the time allotted for highlighting subtopics; organization of answers to the questions of tourists; about the technique of using the exhibits of the "portfolio" and more. Equally important are indications about the place of the guide when showing objects, guiding the independent work of sightseers on the route, and conducting a story while the bus is moving.

The final document of the excursion is the technological map of the excursion, which is the main document that is required for voluntary certification of a tourist and excursion organization that claims to conduct excursion activities.

The technological map of the excursion is compiled at the end of the creative process of creating the excursion, before its last stage - the delivery of the selection committee during the trial excursion. It indicates the topic, purpose, tasks, the best option for the route, its length and duration, display objects, stops, subtopics, organizational and methodological instructions, methodological methods of display and story, which the guide should use in his story. The technological map shows how it is more effective to convey the content of the excursion to the sightseers at specific sites. Its purpose is to show the guide the right way to achieve a positive result during the tour.

3. SAFETY ISSUES

IN TOURIST AND EXCURSION ACTIVITIES

The requirements for the service quality system are established in the main provisions of GOST R 50691-94 "Service Quality Assurance Model".

Important indicators of the quality of the tourist product are the guarantee of security and the provision of prepaid services.

The requirements for ensuring the safety of tourists and sightseers are developed in GOST R 50644-94 and must be taken into account when developing excursion programs for tourist routes.

Measures to ensure the safety of tourists, carried out by the subjects of the tourism industry, are:

1) providing tourists (sightseeers) with comprehensive information about the features of the tour, as well as the dangers that they may encounter during the trip (excursion);

3) reconnaissance and equipment of tourist routes;

4) logistical and medical support for tourists (tourists) in the process of preparing and conducting a trip (excursion);

5) assistance in organizing and conducting emergency rescue operations;

6) briefing tourists (tourists) on methods of protection against injuries and accidents, first aid;

7) development of leaflets for tourists (sightseers) in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation;

8) verification and control of physical, tactical, technical, special training of tourists (tourists), travel organizers, leaders of trips to travel (excursions), trips along tourist routes, competitions and other tourist events when organizing sports tourism;

9) other measures to ensure the safety of tourists, developed independently.

It seems to me that special attention should be paid to the transportation of tourists during excursions, which must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the current rules for passenger transportation by specific modes of transport (road, water, etc.).

The decision to organize an excursion is always associated with the choice of vehicle. After all, it is necessary not only to conveniently accommodate the tourist group, to ensure maximum comfort and safety of the trip participants during the trip, but also to take care of the possibility of providing the group with excursion material on the way, to ensure cooperation with the guide group. Naturally, the ideal mode of transport in this case is the bus.

The capacity of the bus allows you to organize an excursion for the optimal group of tourists, to ensure both the effective work of the guide during the journey, and the availability of a convenient overview of the route for the participants of the trip. Equipping the bus interior with comfortable seats, air conditioning, video and audio systems provides tourists with a pleasant pastime during the journey. Also, due to mobility, the bus allows you to deliver a tourist group to sightseeing objects, following from one to another, when combining transfers with walking tours.

Ordering a bus for an excursion is a rather popular service. In addition to the listed advantages of this vehicle, an excursion on an ordered bus is a journey along an individual route agreed with the customer. Coordination of the route with the organizers of the tour allows you to more widely use the tourist potential of the chosen direction, which means that you can meet the customer's expectations as much as possible. If the planned sightseeing trip takes a long time, the choice of a bus to order allows the customer to also determine the places and times of parking, halts, and, if necessary, makes it possible to make stops on demand. That's why bus transport excursion groups are very often used in case of organizing excursions for children.

When carrying out excursions, the bus is also an ideal vehicle for transporting the luggage of a tourist group. In the trunks of the bus it is easy to place not only the belongings of the participants of the trip, food and drinking water, but also, if necessary, travel equipment, devices for organizing road picnics, camping. The bus rented for organizing a sightseeing trip is provided with the necessary list of regulatory accompanying documents.

Sightseeing buses plying on difficult routes (mountainous terrain, for example) must be equipped with special engines and braking system, which provide maximum safety when transporting tourists.

It is also important that motor transport enterprises providing such transport services have an appropriate license for passenger transportation, as well as certificates of conformity: for works (services) for the maintenance and repair of vehicles and for passenger transportation.

CONCLUSION

As you can see, the tour is one of the main elements in the structure of the tour. Excursion programs can be very diverse in their subject matter.

Our country has everything necessary - a vast territory, a rich historical and cultural heritage, and in some regions - untouched, wild nature, in order to develop the tourism industry.

The historical and cultural heritage of Russia is the most important competitive advantage of the country's tourism industry. Travels for cultural and educational purposes account for about 20 percent of the domestic tourist flow. In 2009, the number of tourists who traveled for cultural and educational purposes amounted to about 7.1 million people.

But there are also problems. The main factors constraining the growth of domestic and inbound tourist flows are:

Poorly developed, and in a number of regions, missing engineering infrastructure (including power supply networks, water supply, transport networks, sewage treatment plants, moorings, jetties, dredging and bank protection), which is an obstacle to attracting private investment in the tourism sector;

Low level of tourism infrastructure development (insufficiency, and in some regions lack of tourist-class accommodation facilities and leisure facilities, unsatisfactory condition of many tourist display facilities, lack of high-quality roadside infrastructure on almost all highways of the country);

Low quality of service in all sectors of the tourism industry due to lack of professional staff;

Insufficient promotion of Russia as an attractive destination for tourists, due to the low level of budget funding.

The Russian government approved the concept of the Federal Target Program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism" for 2011-2016.

The Russian government has taken a decision to increase the inbound tourist flow to the country from abroad. Almost 352 billion rubles will be allocated for these purposes in the next 5 years. The money will be used primarily to upgrade infrastructure, train staff and improve their skills, as well as to launch a powerful advertising campaign abroad. Due to these measures, it is planned to increase the inbound tourist flow to 40 million tourists, those. 20 times (!!!).

However, tour operators engaged in the segment of inbound tourism note a number of more acute problems, without the solution of which an increase in tourist flow will not follow.

According to Russian tour operators, there are problems that have long been the “Achilles heel” of Russian tourism reality, and they cannot be solved with the help of one advertising campaign, albeit a very expensive one. We have a number of problems that do not allow us to increase the number of foreign tourists. For example, this is an expensive visa, problems with the tourist infrastructure and the lack of basic information about our country from foreign travel agencies. All these problems should be solved in a comprehensive manner, since individually this will only lead to even greater complications.

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	GOST R 50681 Tourist and excursion services. Designing tourism 3services
	GOST R 53522-2009 Tourist and excursion services. Key points
	FEDERAL LAW No. 132-FZ dated November 24, 1996 "On the basics of tourism activities in the Russian Federation" (as amended on July 30, 2010)
	CONCLUSION OF THE Federal Target Program "Development of Domestic and Inbound Tourism in the Russian Federation (2011-2016)". Approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 19, 2010 No. 1230-r

World Travel

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01.03.16 10:16

Lately we have become so lazy! Travel agencies offer us to visit the most prestigious resorts in the world: airport transfer, personal guide, all-inclusive system, round-the-clock butler - a lot is available for money. But there are still those among us who prefer to make their own routes or take advantage of "experienced advice" and feel like real travelers by going on a long hike. Tourist routes in Russia - both traditional, operating in the pre-war USSR, and relatively new ones - this is a real adventure!

Tested by time: All-Union routes

Let's start with those "remnants of the Soviet past". One of the most interesting of these Russian routes was shortened due to a tragedy that occurred in the early 1970s (on the Fisht Glacier). Tourists start moving in Adygea, finish in Dagomys, near the Black Sea. The 20-day "All-Union Route No. 30" was created in the early 1930s. It runs along the famous Caucasian reserve. You will pass several climatic zones, breathe in clean mountain air, and the landscapes of the subtropics will be imprinted in your memory forever. The only inconvenience (unless, of course, you are afraid of hiking in the mountains) is that you will have to pay a fee for every day of your stay in the reserve.

There are several options for passing the All-Union Route No. 77. It runs along Altai mountains, the Katun River (rafting on it is very dangerous) and Teletskoye Lake - the pearl of these places. Tourists can visit the Denisova Cave (it was opened not so long ago) and see with their own eyes the Ukok plateau, where the legendary “Altai Princess” (the mummy of a girl discovered in 1993) was buried. We immediately warn you: this tourist route in Russia has always been considered the most difficult, so many people prefer a simplified pedestrian transition - from the settlement of Edigan to Lake Teletskoye. And still, on this not very long path, you will see one of the most beautiful natural areas of the country - Altai is magnificent!

Treasures of the Ancient Land: "Rings of Russia"

The Golden Ring of Russia does not need to be introduced for a long time - a lot has been said and written about it. Stopovers are ancient cities, where there are many temples, craft centers, museums, cultural monuments. You will cross the borders of several regions (“Golden Ring” “embraces” Moscow, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Tver and Yaroslavl regions). Every stop is a delight and delight. But even if you are not a fan of ancient architecture, local archaeologists can show you a lot of interesting things. For example, the infamous "Vladimirsky Central" was also located on the territory of the "Ring". Historians will show you the paths along which the prisoners escaped from the dungeons. You might even be lucky enough to find a treasure!

In addition to the Golden Ring, there is also the “Silver Ring of Russia”, which runs through the lands that in ancient times were part of Novgorod Rus', the richest principality - now these are the lands around St. Petersburg. The route starts in Veliky Novgorod and ends in Tikhvin. You will see not only Pskov, Pechory (Pushkin places with interesting monasteries), but also "pro-Western" Vyborg, Kingisepp and Ivangorod, standing on the Estonian border. In the vicinity of St. Petersburg, Finnish and then German troops hid stolen goods from the richest ancient temples and monasteries. So there are enough treasure hunters here.

Are you a romantic and love poetry? You will definitely like the route "Pushkin Ring of the Upper Volga", opened 45 years ago. You will visit many settlements– the local estates, hotels, former forges and travel palaces still remember the great classic. Alexander Sergeevich often visited the Tver province - he visited his acquaintances in the period from 1811 until his death. You will feel like a character in the poet's works, taste the most delicious shanezhki, take some water from healing springs, visit not only the landowners' houses, but also two museums of the poet (in Torzhok and Bernov). The length of the route is approximately 250 km - not very tiring!

The legendary route from the Varangians to the Greeks

The Blue Road route is the only one in our ranking of the most interesting routes in Russia that “wanders” abroad, or rather, it starts there (on the Norwegian coast, in Mo i Rana), continues in Sweden and Finland. But he finishes - here in Karelia. Why did the route get such a name? It's just that its two thousand kilometers mainly fall on the shores of lakes and rivers. This is the very path "from the Varangians to the Greeks", so popular with our distant ancestors. The former trade "road", now a very popular route, crosses almost all of Karelia (from the border with Finland to the Arkhangelsk region). These are very beautiful protected places!

The newest route: virgin nature of Baikal

Unlike other interesting tourist routes in Russia, this one, the Great Baikal Trail, is still being born. But several small ecological "paths" have already been opened. When everything is completed, the total length of the route will be about 1800 km. As planned, route will pass across the territories of three national parks and three nature reserves. The idea to develop such a "trail" was born in the 1970s, but it took almost thirty years before enthusiasts began to implement it. Visit this wonderful world - Baikal does not need any special compliments and advertising. The fauna and flora of the lake itself and its shores is largely endemic and simply amazing. What is especially captivating is that there are no factories, sanatoriums or rest houses near the route, this is a virgin land, not spoiled by civilization.

On the border of Europe and Asia

Are you a seasoned hiker? Then you will not be afraid of the multi-day route "The Great Ural Ring", which passes through the settlements of the Sverdlovsk region and Perm Territory, including Perm itself, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Tagil, Solikamsk. The road lies through the middle Urals. But adventurous travelers take the opportunity and definitely turn towards Miass, because in its vicinity there is a unique natural monument, Lake Turgoyak, one of the largest freshwater reservoirs in the country. It is not for nothing that it is called the "Pearl of the Urals": crystal clear water can compete with Baikal. It was in these parts that Pyotr Bazhov was inspired to later write his wonderful tales (several mines for the extraction of semi-precious stones still exist here). It was these lands that Yermak once conquered. And this is where it is commemorative sign"Border of Europe and Asia". Step on it and make a wish!

INTRODUCTION

SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE REGION AS A BASIS FOR DIVERSIFICATION OF TOURIST SERVICES

1.1 Historical features of the settlement and ethnic structure of the population of the Vologda Territory

2 The contiguity of regions as a consequence of territorial and administrative reforms and the objective basis for joint socio-economic projects (on the example of the Vologda Oblast, the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Komi Republic)

2. THE PLACE OF THE EASTERN DISTRICTS OF THE VOLOGDA REGION IN REGIONAL AND INTERREGIONAL TOURISM

2.1 Tourism potential of the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast as the basis of tourism activities

1.1 Babushkinsky district

1.2 Velikoustyugsky district

1.3 Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky district

1.4 Nikolsky district

1.5 Nyuksensky district

1.6 Tarnogsky district

1.7 Totemsky district

2 Assessment of the level of involvement of municipalities in the modern tourism practice of the region and the country

3. PROJECT OF THE TOURIST AND EXCURSION ROUTE IN THE EASTERN DISTRICTS OF THE VOLOGDA REGION "FOLLOWING THE FOOTSTEPS OF ZAVOLOCHSKAYA CHUDI"

3.1 Conceptual basis of the route project

2 Tourism program excursion route and its economic rationale

3 Tourist and excursion route promotion program

CONCLUSION

LIST OF USED SOURCES

APPENDIX 1 Distribution of Chud Zavolochskaya

APPENDIX 2 Form of sociological research

APPENDIX 3 Hospitality industry of the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast

APPENDIX 4 Tourist display objects of the Babushkinsky district

APPENDIX 5 Tourist display objects of the Velikoustyugsky district

APPENDIX 6 Tourist display objects of the Kichmeng-Gorodets region

APPENDIX 7 Tourist display objects of Nikolsky district

APPENDIX 8 Tourist display objects of Nyuksensky district

APPENDIX 9 Tourist display objects of the Tarnogsky district

APPENDIX 10 Tourist display objects of Totemsky district

Annex 11 Technological map of the tourist-excursion route in the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast "In the footsteps of the Chud Zavolochskaya"

APPENDIX 12 Information leaflet for a tourist trip to the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast "In the footsteps of the Zavolochskaya Chud"

APPENDIX 13 Schemes of the tourist and excursion route in the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast "In the footsteps of the Zavolochskaya Chud"

INTRODUCTION

Relevance of the research topic. Tourism is a dynamically developing branch of the national economy and the world economy; becomes the largest integration business. Globalization in the field of tourism has some features: on the one hand, the positive impact of globalization is noticeable (it stimulates innovation, international cooperation), on the other hand, it causes three uneven distribution of benefits, the threat of backwardness, the loss of the identity of traditional culture. In the conditions of the current state of Russia in the development of tourism, there is a focus on stimulating domestic and inbound (national) tourism. However, this does not exempt the country's tourism sector from the impact of globalization factors in their positive and negative impact.

Today's rapidly growing global tourism market is characterized by both cooperation and competition. There is also an uneven dynamics of tourism, as well as the existing contrast of the tourist space. There is an unbalanced tourist flow, undeveloped interest in certain territories, unformed tourist destinations. There is a problem of antithesis of expectations from tourism and real results. Recognition of significant tourism opportunities is not supported by effective management, poor use of resources does not lead to the desired efficiency of the industry. Often this is due to the socio-demographic characteristics of the regions.

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that there is a problem of small territories remote from the regional center, insufficiently identified and used socio-economic and cultural potential of their originality and uniqueness. Small cities and territories, of course, are inferior to medium and large ones in volumes. cultural heritage, the number of display objects and the quality of their presentation, their role in the ideas that have developed in society. One of the ways to solve problems in the development of tourism in such areas is not only to identify, but also to design attractions.

The purpose of the final qualifying work is to design a tourist-excursion route "In the footsteps of the Chud Zavolochskaya", which will pass through the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast, on the one hand, remote from its regional center, but close to neighboring Vologda Oblasts, which can be an interesting advantage for development the tourism sector.

To achieve the goal of the study, the following tasks were identified:

-study the socio-demographic and historical features of the region, important for the development of tourism;

-explore the potential for creating tourism projects in adjacent territories: the Vologda, Arkhangelsk regions and the Komi Republic;

-analyze tourism potential eastern districts of the Vologda Oblast;

-develop a draft tourist-excursion route through the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast.

The object of the study is tourism in the eastern regions of the Vologda region. The subject of the study is ways to increase the tourist attractiveness of the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast and their effective development, the possibility of creating an effective tourist-excursion route.

When performing the final qualifying work, empirical and theoretical research methods were used: description, systematization and generalization of material on the theory of the chosen topic, analysis, classification, modeling, deduction and induction methods, structuring, abstraction and argumentation, historical method; participant observation, questioning, interviewing, testing, comparison, measurement, graphical method.

The set goal and objectives of the study required an appeal to several groups of sources: theoretical, legal and empirical.

Theoretical sources should be divided into literature that clarifies the basic concepts: “Russian North”, “socio-economic resources of tourism”, “tourist potential”, etc. The books of such authors as E.I. Arsenyeva, Yu.A. Kireeva, O.T. Loiko, N.A. Makarov, N.V. Sycheva, A.G. Khropov and others. Sources revealing the history of the Russian North and its ethnic characteristics are presented by the authors: A.N. Bashenkin, P.S. Efimenko, V.O. Klyuchevsky, V.S. Novikov, N.A. Pavlovich, I.V. Vlasova, S.D. Zakharov, A.A. Ugryumov, V.L. Yanin and others. Important Information give the research of the authors: M.V. Ivanishcheva, V.A. Lazhentsev, A.B. Permilovskaya, E.O. Ushakova, S.A. Vdovina, business magazine " Expert C-W" and etc.

The regulatory framework of the study includes State standards, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Target Program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation (2011 - 2018)", "On the basics of tourism activities in the Russian Federation", Strategies for the socio-economic development of territories in period until 2020, the Charter of the Limited Liability Company "Hotel-Tour".

The empirical base of the work was: official websites of the municipal districts of the Vologda Oblast, the concept of the interregional historical, cultural and tourist project "Silver Necklace of Russia", the official website of cultures in the Vologda Oblast, public reports on the results of the activities of the heads of districts for 2015-2016, etc., as well as research conducted by the author.

The set goal and objectives determined the following structure of the final qualification work:

-introduction, where the relevance of the study is substantiated, goals and objectives are set, the object, subject and methods of research are defined, the range of literature and sources used, and the expected scientific and practical significance of the study and the structure of the work are described.

-the first section, which defines the basic concepts that are significant for the study, the social, ethnic and historical features of the region, and also substantiates the importance of the contiguity of regions as the basis for joint socio-economic projects;

-the second section, where the tourist potential of the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast is studied and the level of involvement of municipalities in regional and interregional tourism is assessed;

-the third section, designing a tourist-excursion route, consists of the conceptual framework of the project, the program of the tourist-excursion route and economic justification, as well as the program for its promotion.

-conclusion, in which the main conclusions are made and the results of the study are summed up.

The final qualifying work, as well as the research carried out within its framework and the designed tourist product, have a certain practical significance. The implementation of the project will not only contribute to the rational distribution of the tourist flow within the Vologda Region, but will also contribute to solving a wide range of socio-economic and cultural problems.

The study was tested at the 46th student scientific and practical conference (Vologda State University, March 2017).

1. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE REGION AS A BASIS FOR DIVERSIFICATION OF TOURIST SERVICES

In the modern world of globalization, this trend can also be seen in tourism: the integration of tourism enterprises, the implementation of similar tourism programs, the tendency to identity of tourism products. At the same time, the excessive standardization of consumption characteristics and service delivery patterns in a number of countries has a negative impact on local culture. Therefore, along with the tendencies of internationalization and unification, opposite directions of activity of preserving uniqueness and national identity are also very important.

Nowadays, domestic tourism has begun to develop more actively in Russia. In order to increase the competitiveness and tourist attractiveness of a territory or enterprise, to avoid the monotony of the tourist services offered, they are diversified, i.e. expansion of the range of available services and products, reorientation of sales markets, development of new types of services in order to increase efficiency, obtain an economic effect. According to the definition of T. Efremova, diversification means rejection of narrow specialization in the production of any goods and services, expansion of the scope of production. Horizontal diversification in tourism consists in the organization of such activities as the opening of new routes, directions, the development of new types of tourism, etc.

The introduction of certain innovations in tourism activities gives impetus to the production of a mass or unique tourism product. However, not only innovations can serve as the basis for qualitative changes in tourism services. The existing specificity of the object has the ability to bring exclusivity, originality to the tourist product, and as a result, to benefit from both the consumption of the tourist product and the provision of tourist services.

One of the ways to solve problems in the context of the development of the tourism sector of individual territories, in particular, highlighting their features, is to study the socio-demographic specifics of the region, its modeling and presentation.

1.1Historical Features of Settlement and Ethnic Structure of the Population of the Vologda Territory

Russia is a multinational country; various peoples and ethnic groups live on its territory with their own history and original culture, traditions and customs. This diversity suggests that Russia has significant potential for the creation and development of unique tourist products within the framework of cultural and educational tourism, including ethnographic tourism, both in the country as a whole and in individual regions.

The Vologda region has long been part of the Russian North . The stable geocultural concept "Russian North" is often used as the name of one of the historical provinces of the country, which does not have and did not have clear administrative boundaries. From time immemorial, the region has preserved samples of the ethnic heritage of the local and immigrated, and then united and rooted Russian people. The definition of "Russian North" lies in the fact that it simultaneously carries geographical name North, European North, and the ethnic toponym "Russian". Consequently, the development of the Russian North took place with the direct participation of the Russian people.

According to a number of authors from the Siberian branch of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography, the Russian North is perceived not as a geographical concept, but as a place for the development of an original modification of Russian culture and a special cultural space.

The formation of the Russian North, as well as the Old Russian state, as a whole, went through a difficult path of transformation. Now the "Russian North" means the territory from the interfluve of the Volga and Sukhona to the White and Barents Seas, including the modern Arkhangelsk, Vologda and Murmansk region, the north of the Leningrad region, as well as Karelia and the Komi Republic.

The Russian chronicle "The Tale of Bygone Years" names the peoples who, along with the Slavs, took part in the formation of the Old Russian state. These were the Varangians, Russ, Chud, All, Merya and a number of other peoples, also belonging to the Baltic, Turkic and Finno-Ugric tribes.

Asking the question about the development of the European North of Rus' and its ethnic structure, it is necessary to compare several points of view and facts.

The first people on the territory of the Vologda Territory are the tribes of hunters and fishermen, that is, the pre-Slavic population of the region. The development of the region by the Slavs took place in the VI-XI centuries. In the XI-XIII centuries. there was a Russian colonization of the northern outskirts of Ancient Rus' from the Novgorod and Rostov-Suzdal lands.

There is an opinion that by the time the colonization of the northern lands began, a large Finnish population already existed here, and the colonization itself was reduced to the establishment of the power of Russian princes over the northern territories. So, according to the historian P. Efimenko, the colonization by the Slavs had the goal of conquering and imposing tribute on local tribes.

The next position belongs to the ethnographer of the population of the European (Russian) North I.V. Vlasova, who also suggests that the development of the North from the very initial stages proceeded in close cooperation between the Slavs and the local Finno-Ugric peoples.

Historians V.O. Klyuchevsky and S.F. Platonov, recognized the existence of a local Finnish-speaking population in the North and believed that it played a subordinate role in the history of the North. Based on their research, these peoples were completely assimilated on Russian soil.

According to local historian N.V. Ilyinsky, the territory of the modern Nyuksensky district of the Vologda region is old-developed. The first people came to this land no later than 25 thousand years ago in the Paleolithic era. During the first millennium BC. e. and up to the XII century. Finno-Ugric tribes lived here. Russian chronicler of the 11th century. Nestor calls the primitive population of the North "Chud and all the tongues".

In order to more accurately reveal the ethnic map of the Vologda region, it reflects 150 Mesolithic sites in all Vologda regions from Chagodoshcha and Vytegra in the west to Veliky Ustyug and Kichmengsky Gorodok in the east. . Initially, the attention of archaeologists turned out to be focused on the problem of ethnic attribution of the antiquities of the North, on clarifying the Slavic or Finnish affiliation of individual monuments and their groups, and the issues of development were also touched upon along the way. So, judging by the typology of the Mesolithic inventory of the northeastern regions of the region, a population of mixed origin lived here, who had connections with the Kama region, the Volga-Oka interfluve and the Baltic. Also, the study by archaeologists of pit-comb ceramics made it possible to talk about resettlement in the Vologda Territory in 3 thousand BC. e. Finno-Ugric tribes. These tribes, in all likelihood, were the main inhabitants of the region in the era from 1 thousand BC. e. to the middle of 1 thousand AD e. .

Evidence of the existence of the Chud tribes in the North can serve as their remaining heritage and remnants. The material monuments include the surviving settlements, the place of Chud parking, wooden log cabins and mounds (grave mounds). In these places, objects of Chud culture are found: tools, jewelry, utensils, etc. Indisputable proof of the existence of Chud in our area is the fact that many names of settlements and rivers of Finno-Ugric origin: Ledenga, Pes-Edenga, Yurmanga, Totma, Tsareva etc., with the suffix “-ga”, “-na”, “-va”, etc., corresponding to their language. etc. In the Finno-Ugric language there is the concept of a city - “Kar”, therefore, the additional word “kar, mountains” is often used in the names of settlements, for example, Kholmogory. Also, the word "chud" itself is included in some toponyms of the Russian North, for example, Chuchkovo, Lake Peipsi, etc.

As for the spiritual heritage of the Chud, it is possible to rank pagan holidays - “brotherhoods”, as well as the melodiousness of the speech of the local population, changing the endings of some words, for example, changing the ending “-shsha” to “-se” (you are afraid - scare), and so the same "ejection" of some vowels from words (does - does).

So, we can conclude that as the territory was developed, ethnic, historical and cultural phenomena arose. As a result of the consolidation of the local people and the Finno-Ugric ethnic group, specific features of folk culture appeared, which will be further proved in more depth.

Thus, the settlement of the Vologda Territory as part of the Russian North took place in several stages:

1.The first settlements

The history of the development of the region, according to archaeologists, began more than 25 thousand years ago. There was a penetration of hunters and fishermen into the territory of the modern Vologda Territory, then settlements of the ancient Caucasoid group arose.

2.Finno-Ugric period, which began in the I century. n. e.

The region was filled with settlements of the Chud (Finno-Ugric) tribes. Data on the initial period of the settlement of the North by the Slavs are available in written sources. These include the testimonies of the Scandinavian sagas, Danish and Anglo-Saxon chronicles of the 9th-12th centuries, concerning the campaigns of the Scandinavians to the North and their relationship with the local inhabitants - the Biarmians. Judging by the Scandinavian sagas, the Biarmians were able to unite all Finnish ethnic groups into one state. Biarmia (an ancient country in the north of Eastern Europe, founded in the 8th century AD), thus laid the foundation for Russian statehood in the vastness of Eastern Europe. However, in the future, it itself turned out to be only a small territory with a half-forgotten Zavolochskaya Chud. There are archaeological data about early contacts with the Chud in the "Varangian period" of the history of the Vologda region (XI-XII centuries) (Korbal burial ground in the lower reaches of the Vaga, etc.), as well as evidence in local legends and traditions that survived until the XX century. .

The eastern part of the Vologda Territory was named Zavolochye in the 11th-13th centuries, since the Novgorod earpieces from the 11th century. they laid paths beyond Lake Onega, to the Dvina, Pechora, in the Urals, arranging portage as necessary. The Novgorodians called the Finno-Ugric tribes the Zavolochskaya Chud (Appendix 1). Zavolochye is a huge region left without its official history. Citizens of Russia, including residents of the very past Zavolochye, know less about their history than about the history of ancient egypt And ancient rome.

3.Slavic colonization.

At the beginning of the Slavic colonization (V-VII centuries), the North was inhabited by Finno-Ugric (Chud) tribes, further assimilating with the Slavs in the Vologda land and the Russian North. The development (not conquest) of the northern outskirts was carried out by Novgorodians and Rostovites. The North became the first geographical area that became part of the ancient Russian statehood as a result of colonization.

Within the framework of a single culture, local features existed and still exist, i.e. features inherent in a particular ethnic group, which in turn appear due to a number of circumstances. A striking example is the Russian North in general, and the Vologda Oblast in particular.

Consequently, the presence of separate ethnographic groups within the ethnically single population is traced, which in turn differ in the local dialect and features of spiritual and material culture. During the development of lands, both communication and contact between peoples take place, as well as analysis of the results of this process, and the perception by the peoples of the knowledge and experience gained, which was later expressed in the forms of folk ethnic culture and folklore.

The ethnic culture of the Vologda Oblast has retained the most archaic, local features. It is characterized by the relationship with the natural environment and the centuries-old experience of folk life, the traditions of the ethnic group. “The Russian North has a pronounced ethnic specificity in the east. Creating a cultural space, a person embodied his understanding of the laws of nature, a vision of the world, which manifested itself through the phenomena of traditional culture - a settlement, a dwelling and a temple, ”stressed A.B. Permelovskaya. Thus, the Finno-Ugric tribes made a significant contribution to the ethnic culture of the Russian North as a whole and the east of the Vologda Oblast.

The Finno-Ugric peoples are a linguistic community of peoples who speak Finno-Ugric languages, living in Western Siberia, Central, Northern and Eastern Europe. The Finno-Ugric peoples include tribes bearing the names "Chud", "Ves", "Merya", etc. However, according to some sources, the previously named tribes were generally called Chud.

Initially, according to V. Strakhov, all northwestern Finns were called Chud, then historians confused Chud with Estonians. In the legends, the Chud is presented as a character of mythical time or an ancient (“former”, “other”, “old”) people. There are many controversial points of view about the roots of this people. The people named "all" are considered to be of Chud origin, similarly, until 1917, the Veps people were officially called the Chud people. Ancient Rus' united all small Finnish tribes under one common name Chud. In general terms, the concept of "chud" looks like a collective old Russian name for a number of tribes and peoples, as a rule, the Finno-Ugric community.

The etymology of the word "chud" in the public mind is synonymous with the incomprehensible, "wonderful" language of the ethnic group. However, it is worth mentioning that the adjective "alien" has the same root as "chud". Also, the ethnonym is comparable to the Norwegian words "cutte, cuđe" and Swedish čute, čud e" and is translated as "a pursuer, a robber, the name of an enemy who oppresses the Lapps (in fairy tales)". Thus, a single definition of the ethnonym "Chud" does not exist for this period.

Chud Zavolochskaya - so they said in relation to the ancestors of the modern Komi people living on the territory of the Komi Republic of the Russian Federation. The modern Chud is the descendants of the Zavolotsk Chud, which is placed by written sources within the boundaries of the current Vologda and Arkhangelsk regions. However, in the 20th century, after the return of most of the Finno-Ugric peoples to their indigenous names (Izuri, Komi, etc.), the ethnonym Chud lost its owner

Chud Zavolochskaya is an ancient pre-Slavic population of Zavolochye, which to this day is in some way a historical mystery. The term was put into use by the chronicler of the 11th century. Nestor in The Tale of Bygone Years. Novgorodians, having penetrated into the North, out of deep-rooted habit, called the entire non-Russian population Chud and called them Zavolochsky Chud. The Zavolochan also became a "wonder", although their true ethnic name (or names) remained unknown.

Now the most numerous of the peoples of the European North are Russians, thanks to the assimilation of the Finno-Ugric and Slavic tribes. Their rooting in this territory covers the period from the XII century. according to the 17th century As V.O. Klyuchevsky, a well-known Russian historian, the meeting of Rus' and Chud was peaceful. Neither in written monuments, nor in the folk legends of the Great Russians did any memories of the stubborn and widespread struggle of the newcomers with the natives survive [here and further: 26].

The Great Russians or Great Russians are the main ethnic group that is part of the Russian people-nation, originally living within the boundaries of the historical formation of the Russians: Central Russia and the Russian North.

The formation of the Great Russian tribe was due to a mixture of elements of Slavic and Finnish, with the former predominating. As V.O. Klyuchevsky, many physical and moral features, inherited from the Finns who dissolved in it, penetrated into the Russian environment. Finnish features appeared:

in appearance (cheekiness, the predominance of swarthyness and dark eye color, etc.);

in speech;

in beliefs (worship of stones and trees, because stone and birch are Finnish cult objects. The gods of both tribes were divided among themselves: the Finnish gods sat in the abyss, the Russians sat in the sky);

in signs (all seasons, every month, the number of the month have certain meanings; all observations were tied to the names of saints and holidays).

Pomors are also considered the indigenous ethnic group of the North. Pomorie is called almost the entire territory of the modern Russian North, including the Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, Vologda regions, the republics of Karelia and Komi. Their culture was not brought from Great Russia, but arose in the course of a gradual merger of local Finno-Ugric cultures and the culture of the Old Russian (but not Great Russian) population.

So, as a result of historical and ethno-cultural phenomena, the Russian North was formed as a single historical and cultural zone. Thanks to the constant ethnic interaction, the Russian North turns out to be multi-ethnic in terms of the composition of the population, for the reason that there was a constant migration of peasants, then their development and assimilation with the civilizations of various peoples that were part of the past Russia. The ancient population of the Vologda region were Finno-Ugric tribes. It can be concluded that the Chud tribes are the ancestors of modern indigenous people. Interethnic communication contributed to the mutual influence and mutual enrichment of the material and spiritual folk culture of the Russian North. The history of the Vologda land is inseparable from the general history of the Russian North. The Vologda Territory, being part of the Russian North, has preserved samples of ethnic heritage. In general, the Russian North is a reserve of ancient Russian culture, where the indigenous population and its identity are of interest.

1.2The contiguity of regions as a consequence of territorial and administrative reforms and the objective basis for joint socio-economic projects (on the example of the Vologda Oblast, the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Komi Republic)

Adjacent territories - border, adjacent, related, close, having common boundaries of the territory. The contiguity of regions should be distinguished according to several criteria, which are given in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 - Criteria for contiguity of regions

Name of the factor Description Geographic Commonness of natural and climatic conditions (climate type, natural zone, prevailing temperatures, etc.) Economic the way of life of the peoples of the region, the unity of architectural styles, etc. Historical Historical events associated with adjacent territories, their concomitant contribution in historical significance Personalistic Historical figures, famous people who are associated with adjacent regions, their biography

Each region is considered unique, but has common features with adjacent territories. During the periods of formation of the region until the moment it is presented today, the region has historically transformed, which affected its potential in interaction with border areas.

The development of the region in the context of adjacent territories is one of the ways to improve the socio-economic situation of the area and increase interest in the all-Russian culture in general, in particular, drawing attention to the cultural, spiritual, natural, ethnic, historical heritage of the regions of Russia.

The Russian Federation, according to Article 5 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, today consists of 85 subjects. All subjects of the Russian Federation (regions of Russia) are united in eight federal districts: Northwestern, Central, Southern, North Caucasian, Volga, Ural, Siberian and Far Eastern federal districts.

The regions of the Northwestern Federal District of Russia occupy an advantageous geopolitical position and are adjacent to each other. The Vologda, Arkhangelsk regions and the Komi Republic, which have become adjacent territories today, have a common cultural and historical space. Cultural space, according to A.N. Bystrov: "this is a space for the implementation of social programs, goals and interests, the dissemination of ideas and views, language and traditions, beliefs and norms" .

The natural features and the history of the development of the regions left a special imprint on the material and spiritual culture of the Northern Great Russians - a special ethno-cultural part of the Russian people. Their culture and way of life has always differed from the culture and way of life of the Russian people in the central and southern regions of the country.

The adjacency of territories makes it possible to single out a new approach to the organization of socio-economic projects, in particular tourism and excursion business, to create other joint tourist routes.

The Republic of Komi, Arkhangelsk and Vologda Oblasts are assessed as equivalent in terms of economic potential, having their own strengths and weaknesses in development. Their spatial integration, under certain external conditions, could serve as a significant factor in increasing positive effects and smoothing out negative ones.

Of course, the Vologda, Arkhangelsk regions and the Komi Republic and their administrative-territorial units have a similar potential in the development of tourism. The transfer of the experience of some regions to others with similar conditions is of great importance for the development of localities. For example, the experience in developing the Solvychegodsk experience economy can be used in the future in the practice of tourism in other territories, in this case, adjacent ones. So, Solvychegodsk is known as the birthplace of the fictional "writer Kozma Prutkov", where tourist routes are laid in his honor, a museum has been created, and the festival of humor named after Kozma Prutkov is held annually in July.

It is advisable to study the state of tourism in the selected areas and their tourism potential. Based on the point of view on the definition of tourism potential, N. Svyatokho interprets it as a set of natural, historical and cultural objects and phenomena, as well as socio-economic and technological prerequisites for organizing tourism activities in a certain area.

The Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Vologda Oblast for the period up to 2020 states that the tourism sector is a promising area of ​​development and that "the development of tourism and recreational potential The Vologda Oblast has a rich historical, cultural, natural, recreational and ethnographic potential" . Priority tourism projects (clusters of the Vologda Oblast) are:

"Veliky Ustyug - Homeland of Father Frost";

"Nason-city";

Central city embankment of Cherepovets;

"Vytegorie - the ship's side";

"Northern Thebaid", etc.

The presence of unique cultural, historical and natural sites are important prerequisites for the development of tourism in the Arkhangelsk region. national park, nature of the Arkhangelsk region.

Republic of Komi last years characterized by an increase in the volume of tourist services provided to the population, is traced by an increase in consumer interest in tourism products and attractions of the Komi Republic. The strategy of socio-economic development of the Komi Republic for the period up to 2020 highlights the most promising tourism projects:

"Finno-Ugric ethno-cultural park";

development of health tourism;

the birthplace of the fictional "writer Kozma Prutkov";

historical center "GULAG", etc.

Obviously, the Vologda Oblast is a close, related, adjacent region, primarily with the Arkhangelsk Oblast. In addition, one cannot underestimate the features of the natural-geographical space of the two regions: firstly, these regions directly border each other, and secondly, regions with a long winter period, which means that there are common features in the conditions of life of the peoples inhabiting the regions. This unites them in space and in the concept of "Russian North". The Russian North is becoming one of the most popular tourist destinations.

Common features in the relationship between the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions:

former territories of the Vologda province on the territory of the Arkhangelsk region;

the territory of the European North, the Russian North;

A.A. Borisov, member of the SKLIA, painter of the Arctic, his works are kept in the Museum of Artistic Exploration of the Arctic;

general features of the settlement of the regions;

the history of the construction of the Northern Railway;

way M.Yu. Lomonosov to Moscow;

"Northern Thebaid": monasteries of the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions, etc.

The Vologda Oblast and the Komi Republic entered the established Association for Interregional Cooperation in the Field of Tourism. The Association was created to implement the policy in the field of tourism through interregional cooperation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The goals of the organization are to provide conditions for the interaction of regions, the use of resources for the development of tourism and the provision of related services.

The tourism project between the Republic of Komi and the Vologda Oblast, announced as part of the XIV Interregional Exhibition of Tourism Services and Hospitality Technologies "Gate of the North", and which was held from April 14 to April 15, 2017, is planned to be implemented under the brand and the interregional tourism project of Russia at the same time " Silver necklace of Russia. The project is associated with the development and implementation of tours with the destination of Father Frost's Estate (Vologda Oblast) and the Finno-Ugric Ethnopark (Komi Republic). As the press service of the Finno-Ugric Park told Vestnik ATOR, specific proposals for interested Vologda tour operators and measures for the further launch of tours will be presented this year.

As is known, for the development and implementation of relevant tourism projects, it is necessary to have socio-economic tourism resources in the regions. Socio-economic resources of tourism - a set of objects and phenomena of an anthropogenic nature that are necessary for the most effective development of the tourism industry in a country or region. Social and economic resources include:

1.Informational resources.

Socio-economic tourism resources of the eastern regions considered below include directly information resources in the form of information carriers about the history and development of territories, its traditions and customs, sights, memorable places, information about tourist infrastructure. Also data relating to the demographic situation, ethnic structure and culture, natural and environmental components, and some others. Information corresponding to the requests of the tourist is issued when he makes a trip. The necessary information is issued in the form of a narration by a guide, guide or audio guide, or is issued in the form of a guidebook, map, tourist guide. Tourist information about a tourist area can be presented on official websites, on official pages social networks, on tourist sites, as well as other sources on the Internet.

2.Labor resources.

Human resources, various professionally qualified groups associated with both the main and non-main activities in the field of tourism.

3.Financial resources.

Financial resources play a significant role in the tourism sector. There are several main ways to receive funds in the tourism sector: investing; thanks to income from the stay of tourists; with the help of income that can be received from the activities of both the main and related industries.

4.management resources.

Hierarchical management structure of the tourism industry, established in a particular country or region. In Russia, state regulation in the field of tourism is carried out at the federal, regional and local levels of government.

5.tourism infrastructure.

The tourism infrastructure is a necessary condition for the development of recreational resources and the development of the tourism industry in the region. The structure of the tourist infrastructure includes: accommodation facilities, catering facilities, recreation and entertainment facilities, sports facilities, cultural institutions, transport infrastructure.

The transport connection necessary for making trips between the Vologda Oblast and the Arkhangelsk Oblast, between the Vologda Oblast and the Komi Republic exists. Intercity railway communication through the Vologda region: Arkhangelsk-Moscow; Arkhangelsk-St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk-Adler. Syktyvkar-Moscow, Syktyvkar-Vologda. Intercity flights on the route vehicle in the city of Veliky Ustyug from the Arkhangelsk region. River voyages from the city of Kotlas, Arkhangelsk region to the city of Veliky Ustyug, Vologda region. The M8 highway connects the Vologda and Arkhangelsk regions. There is no single highway linking the Vologda Oblast and the Komi Republic. However, the M8 highway and the P176 highway, which leads to the Komi Republic, are connected by a road following through the cities of Totma and Veliky Ustyug in the Vologda Region, then through the Kirov Region.

The contiguity of regions is a consequence of the transformation of the boundaries of territories, changes in the structure of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and their administrative centers. Territorial and administrative reforms, according to V.K. Egorov, candidate of historical sciences, these are transformations introduced by legislative means aimed at improving the territorial structure and optimizing the state administration system. Considering the territorial and administrative reforms specifically in the Vologda Oblast, their frequency has been noticed throughout the history of the northern region. In order to show the transformations more concretely, they should be described after the period of the final development of the North.

The administrative-territorial structure of the Vologda Oblast (formerly the Vologda Governorate) has gone through a difficult path of transformation. An important milestone in the development of the Russian state, according to I.V. Vlasov, appeared in the 17th century, namely, what happened:

the final development of the main northern regions;

the establishment of economic ties due to the division of production between individual regions;

weakening the isolation of peoples;

cessation of the mass influx of population from outside, tk. the Russian population was formed, thereby did not change its ethnic composition and no new ethnic ties arose;

ebb of the North Russian population to the uninhabited regions of the state [here and below: 60].

Vologda land, Vologda region as concepts include the central regions of the Russian North, which in various historical periods were associated with Vologda. The Vologda land is understood mainly as the territory of the former Vologda province and, with some changes, the present Vologda region and those areas that, in various historical periods, "entered" or "left" its composition, but remained associated with the central regions of the North.

In the 17th century the process of formation of the North Russian ethnographic community, its socio-economic and cultural-ethnological features is being completed. The European North acquired signs of a single economic and cultural macroterritory.

The concept of "Vologda province" was first officially introduced in 1780 under Catherine II. However, soon the "province" was transformed into a "province" and included in the Arkhangelsk province. Then, as part of the Arkhangelsk province and as part of the Veliky Ustyug province, the Vologda governorate was formed, which was divided into two regions and twelve districts.

According to the decree of Paul I "On the new division of the state into provinces", the newly formed Vologda province included the following counties: Vologda, Velsky (now part of the Arkhangelsk region), Gryazovetsky, Totemsky, Kadnikovsky, Velikoustyugsky, Nikolsky, Ust-Sysolsky (now part of Republic of Komi), Solvychegodsky and Yarensky (on this moment territories are located in the Arkhangelsk region). So, in 1796, a separate Vologda province arose, the length of which was from Lake Kubenskoye to the Ural Mountains and was almost 1300 km, and from north to south 600 km.

As for the pre-revolutionary era, special transformations on administrative map The Vologda region and adjacent territories practically did not happen anymore. Except in the middle of the 19th century. the center of the Olonets province (belongs to the Republic of Kaleliya) was almost transferred to Vytegra, which already gravitated towards Vologda.

Beginning in 1917, various administrative changes became more frequent. In 1918, the Cherepovets province was formed on part of the Novgorod lands, and the Vologda province was also divided. Five of its eastern counties (Veliko-Ustyugsky, Nikolsky, Solvychegodsky, Ust-Sysolsky and Yarensky) were separated into a separate North Dvina province with the center in the city of Veliky Ustyug. Five counties remained in the Vologda province: Vologda, Kadnikovsky, Gryazovetsky, Velsky and Totemsky, which turned the region into the smallest area in its history. However, then the Cherepovets district appeared on the map of the country, and the Vologda and North Dvina provinces were abolished. On their basis, in 1929, the districts were formed, which, together with the autonomous region of Komi, Nyandoma and Arkhangelsk districts, formed the Northern Territory with the center in Arkhangelsk. 14 districts were formed as part of the Vologda Okrug: Vozhegodsky, Vologda, Gryazovetsky, Kokshengsky, Kubeno-Ozersky, Ledengsky, Sverdlovsky, Syamzhensky, Tolshmensky, Totemsky, Ust-Kubinsky, Kharovsky, Chebsarsky, Shuisky.

In 1931, as a result of the unification of the Kokshengsky and Sukhonsky districts, the Nyuksensky district was formed, the Verkhovazhsky district was attached to the Velsky district, and the Syamzhensky district was divided between the Totemsky and Kharovsky districts.

On September 1937, by a decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, the Northern Region was liquidated with the formation of the Vologda and Arkhangelsk Regions on its territory. The Vologda region, although it was divided into 42 districts, already looked like a modern one. The habitual structure of the region of 26 districts has been established since 1965. True, after the new administrative reform in 2005, more than 370 municipalities have already appeared in the region.

For 2017, according to the Charter of the region and the Law "On issues of the administrative-territorial structure of the Vologda region", the subject of the Russian Federation includes the following administrative-territorial units:

4 cities of regional significance (Veliky Ustyug, Vologda, Sokol, Cherepovets);

26 districts;

The administrative center of the region is the city of Vologda.

The administrative-territorial boundaries of the region in different historical periods changed largely under the influence of the administrative structure. The lands of the Vologda and Arkhangelsk regions and the Komi Republic have become the core of the cultural space of the Russian North and its traditions. The most important role in the socio-cultural development was played by the northern cities of Kargopol, Solvychegodsk, Kholmogory, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Veliky Ustyug, distinguished by a high level of crafts, active trade and complex social processes.

Thus, the contiguity of the territories of the Vologda, Arkhangelsk regions and the Komi Republic provide the basis for joint socio-economic projects, and is a consequence of territorial and administrative reforms. In the context of the contiguity of territories, it is possible to create new relevant tourism projects and programs, excursion routes based on the commonality of geographical, historical, ethno-cultural and other factors. So, the creation of new tourist destinations will not only increase the attractiveness of the territories, but will also affect the socio-economic situation and development of the regions.

The territory of the Russian North is not defined by administrative boundaries, there is no clear area of ​​location. The Russian North is part of the cultural zone of the north of the country, where the Russian North is a historical phenomenon, the Russian North is a multi-ethnic space. The Vologda Oblast is included in this concept, as well as its adjacent territories (Arkhangelsk Oblast, Komi Republic). At the same time, studying in detail the historical features of the settlement and the ethnic structure of the population of the Vologda Territory, it was concluded that the region, having unique features in development, is nevertheless inseparable from the history and culture of the Russian North. The territories of the Vologda, Arkhangelsk regions and the Komi Republic have been transformed throughout the history of formation, thereby enriching the culture of the local population. The presence of specific and similar features of the regions suggests that it is possible to create interregional projects, projects for a particular region in particular, the goals of which will be to improve relations, increase the socio-economic situation of the regions, develop territories and increase competitiveness in the state and international markets.

2. THE PLACE OF THE EASTERN DISTRICTS OF THE VOLOGDA REGION IN REGIONAL AND INTERREGIONAL TOURISM

2.1Tourism potential of the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast as the basis of tourism activities

Tourism should be correlated with a complex socio-economic system. Tourism, considering it as an activity of a non-productive sector of the economy, provides services and goods to meet the needs of tourists for tourism purposes. Tourist activity directly depends on the tourist potential of the territory.

The studied areas of the Vologda Oblast are located to the east of the regional capital city of Vologda, border on the Arkhangelsk Oblast in the north, the Kirov Oblast in the east, and the Kostroma Oblast in the south. The eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast include: Babushkinsky, Velikoustyugsky, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Nikolsky, Nyuksensky, Tarnogsky and Totemsky regions, including the city of regional significance Veliky Ustyug.

Assessing the tourism potential of the eastern regions, it is necessary to conduct a consistent analysis, firstly, of socio-economic and natural-climatic resources that are important for the development and promotion of tourism in municipalities, secondly, to consider their tourist attractiveness (tourist resources), thirdly, draw a general conclusion.

E.O. Ushakova and S.A. Vdovina propose to determine the tourist attractiveness of the region through the resources of tourism development, i.e. the totality of natural and climatic, historical, cultural and socio-economic objects and conditions necessary for organizing tourist services in the region, creating and promoting a competitive tourism product that can provide a significant contribution in the socio-economic development of the region (country). The tourist attractiveness of the territory is the ability of a certain territory to attract the attention of tourists due to various conditions and factors that provide the opportunity to use this territory for tourism purposes.

The eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast have significant potential for the development of domestic and inbound tourism. The natural and cultural heritage, balneological diversity allows the development of some types of tourism, including the most common types of tourism according to consumer preferences: cultural, educational, business, medical and recreational, ethnographic, rural, active, camping tourism, etc.

In order to find out the tourist attractiveness of the studied territories, in terms of ratings of tourist attractions in the Vologda Oblast, an analysis of the official Internet sites of the largest tourist guides in Russia was carried out. According to the TripAdvisor Internet Information Center, the rating of Vologda Oblast attractions in the eastern districts is clearly inferior to the central territories of the region. Thus, the first 6 places are given to memorable places located in the city of Vologda. However, the top ten sights include 2 display objects of the city of Veliky Ustyug (Veliky Ustyug district). Of the 109 most popular objects proposed in the list, the sights of the Velikoustyugsky district are indicated 19 times, the objects of the Totemsky district - 11 times, the object of the Tarnogsky district. The rest of the eastern regions are not represented in the list of popular attractions of the Vologda region. According to the encyclopedia "Subtleties of Tourism" out of 62 sights of the Vologda Oblast, there are only objects of display of Veliky Ustyug and the Veliky Ustyug region (11 references).

As part of the final qualifying work, a sociological study was conducted (Appendix 2), a survey, on the Internet through the resource "Google Forms" in the period from 04/29/2017 - 05/06/2017, the purpose of which was to identify opinions about the tourist attractiveness of the eastern regions of the Vologda areas.

The advantages of the survey were that the survey was anonymous, the questions did not cause difficulties for the respondents and did not take a long period of the respondents' free time when answering.

200 respondents took part in the survey. The age of the people interviewed is shown in Figure 2.1.

Figure 2.1 - Age of respondents

Therefore, we can conclude that the most active participation in the survey was taken by persons whose age ranged from 18 to 30 years.

In connection with the federal target program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation (2011 - 2018)", a question was asked, the wording of which was: "Where do you prefer to travel?". So, 71% of respondents indicated that they prefer to travel around Russia; abroad - 29% of respondents; none of the respondents chose the option "nowhere". It follows from this that further development of domestic tourism is also necessary to meet human needs for travel, recreation and other needs.

When asked whether the survey participant was in the Vologda Oblast in particular, 78% answered that they were residents of the Vologda Oblast; visited the region at least once - 22%; none of the respondents chose the option “didn’t / wasn’t”.

In order to directly learn about the fact that the respondents visited the eastern districts for tourism and other purposes in the context of all districts of the region, a corresponding question was asked. So, 26 districts and 4 cities of regional significance accounted for a total of 1566 visits by survey participants. Table 2.1 presents data on the geography of visits to the territories of the Vologda Oblast, in descending order, found out during the survey.

Table 2.1 - Geography of visits to districts and cities of regional significance by respondents

Place Attendance by respondents Name of the territory 1. 81% Vologda, of which 55% are in the Vologda region2. 54% Kirillovsky district3. 49% Cherepovets, of which 38% - and in the Cherepovets region4. 45% Velikoustyugsky district and in the city of Veliky Ustyug5. 44%Totemsky district6. 38% Belozersky district7. 34% Sokolsky district, of which 28% are in the city of Sokol8. 33% Babushkinsky district9. 31% Gryazovets district10. 24% Nikolsky district11. 23% Ust-Kubensky district12. 22% Sheksninsky district13. 16% Kharovsky district14. 15% Verkhovazhsky district15. 15% Vytegorsky district16. 14% Kaduy district17. 12% Tarnogsky district18. 11% Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky district19. 9% Babaevsky district20. 9% Nyuksensky district21. 8% Syamzhensky district22. 8% Ustyuzhensky district23. 6% Vozhegodsky district24. 6% Mezhdurechensky district25. 5% Vashkinsky district26. 3% Chagodoshchensky district

From these statistics on the geography of visits, it follows that only 22% of visits fell on the eastern districts of the Vologda Oblast from the total percentage of visits to all districts of the Vologda Oblast. In comparison, the central districts of the region were visited by 42% of the people surveyed, i.e. twice as many. Thus, the unevenness of the tourist flow can be traced.

The survey participants were given the opportunity to give a voluntary detailed answer to the question: “Which district/city did you like the most? Justify your choice, please. Figure 2.2. shows the preferences of the respondents who answered this question. 134 responses were received.

Figure 2.2 - Diagram of respondents' preferences

Thus, as we see from the results of this survey, the eastern regions are not popular with potential tourists.

To the question that sounded: “How likely is it that you would visit the eastern regions of the region for tourist purposes? (Babushkinsky, Velikoustyugsky, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Nikolsky, Nyuksensky, Tarnogsky and Totemsky districts) at the moment”, the opinion of the respondents was divided, which can be seen in Figure 2.3.

Figure 2.3 - Probability of respondents visiting the eastern regions

In the course of this question, the main reasons for the negative situation in visiting the east of the region were clarified. So, the reasons turned out to be: the high cost of services, low awareness and lack of interest in the regions, underdeveloped road infrastructure.

In the perspective of the development of tourism in the territories of the eastern regions, the survey participants had to identify the most obvious reasons, in their own opinion, that impede the development of tourism in the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast. The issues noted by the participants as the most relevant are:

underdeveloped tourism infrastructure - 61%;

lack of investments - 46%;

poor coverage in the media, lack of awareness - 38%;

low quality of service in all sectors of the tourism industry - 34%;

insufficient amount of tourist resources - 32%;

lack of professional personnel - 28%;

remoteness from the regional capital - 19%;

So, the main reasons hindering the development of tourism in the eastern regions, as well as the reasons for the uneven tourist flow, were clarified.

An important aspect of the research work was the need to learn from the audience about their own knowledge regarding the fact of the pre-existing Chud tribe in the eastern regions of the region. The question was: “Do you know anything about the concept of “Chud”? Who or what do you think it is? What do you know about this?" So, more than half of the respondents suggested that this is one of the tribes that settled Ancient Rus', 26% - have no idea about this, the rest of the respondents offered various answers that are not correct.

Further, in the subparagraphs relating to municipalities, their tourism potential will be explored. To identify the tourist resources of the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast, it is necessary to create a register of tourist display objects, compile a list of the hospitality industry (Appendix 3), describe the transport infrastructure of the territories and indicate the natural features of the regions.

2.1.1Babushkinsky district

The district was founded on July 15, 1928, located in the south-east of the Vologda region, 249 km from the regional center. Village them. Babushkina is the administrative center of the Babushkinsky municipality of the Vologda Oblast, located on the banks of the Ledenga River. Initially, the territory was referred to as the Ledengsky district, and the regional center - Ledengsk. (The Finno-Ugric peoples, Chud tribes, lived on the territory of the modern Babushkinsky district, before the development of it by the Slavs.) The area is rich in forest and mineral resources, water biological resources. The climate of the region is temperate continental.

The region's economy is traditionally based on the use of available natural resources. The main industries of the Babushkinsky district are: forestry, woodworking, food, agriculture, retail trade. Currently, 3 investment sites have been developed in the Babushkinsky municipal district, one of which concerns the tourism sector: construction of a base family vacation and the sleeping building of the sanatorium "Ledengsk". Investment projects of the district are mainly related to wood processing. As you can see, for the current year there is a small range of investment sites and projects for the development of tourism.

The tourism sector is one of the strategic directions for the development of the region. By the Decree of the Administration of the Babushkinsky Municipal District dated October 17, 2013 No. 643, the municipal program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Babushkinsky District for 2013-2017" was approved. The main goal of the program is to form an effective tourism industry on the territory of the Babushkinsky district, contributing to the socio-economic development of the region by increasing tax revenues to the budgets of all levels, as well as preserving and rationally using the natural, recreational, cultural and historical potential.

In the Babushkinsky municipality, more than 100 people work in the cultural and leisure sector, which includes tourism. According to the plans of the municipal program "Preservation and development of the cultural and tourist potential of the Babushkinsky municipal district for 2015-2020", it is planned to increase the number of people employed in the field of culture and tourism three times. Since January 1, 2016, a tourism specialist has been hired in the Department for Culture, Sports and Youth Policy of the Babushkinsky District Administration. The coordination of the tourism sector in the region is carried out by the Department of Culture, Sports and Youth Policy.

The tourism infrastructure as the basis of the region's socio-economic tourism resources is underdeveloped, which can be seen in the table (Appendix 3).

With the regional center with. them. Babushkina is connected by the Chekshino-Totma-Nikolsk highway, then the Moscow-Arkhangelsk federal highway. Not available railways and airports, as well as river crossings.

Tourist resources of the region as objectively given phenomena can serve for the development of tourism activities. The register of tourist objects of display in the Babushkinsky district, both cultural, historical and natural, is presented in the table (Appendix 4).

It should be noted that the existing tourist routes in the Babushkinsky district are an indicator of tourist activity and a tool to attract the attention of potential tourists. Tourist programs of the region:

“The life story of the pilot-cosmonaut P.I. Belyaev";

"Northern Ridges";

"The history of salt production in the Ledeng region";

"In the holy places of the land of Babushkinskaya";

"Folk traditions of the land of Babushkinskaya";

ecological trail along the northern ridges, karst faults, etc.

The types of tourism presented in the above routes are: cultural and educational, ecological, pilgrimage, active, health-improving and rural. Of particular importance is event tourism. The feast of the Holy Trinity, the youth festival "Star Rain", the feast of "Ivan Kupala" - all these events take place in the first half of summer. The Spassky Fair, and the festival of folk song "Ledenga fires" included in it, takes place annually in mid-August.

Throughout history, the region has preserved its age-old traditions, customs, way of life, folk art and crafts, cultural and natural monuments, thereby confirming its capabilities in the enhanced development of cultural, educational and ethnographic tourism.

Thus, it should be concluded that tourism in the Babushkinsky district is underdeveloped compared to neighboring areas: the discrepancy between the number of attractions and existing tourist programs, the lack of a tourism site in the area, and underdeveloped tourist infrastructure. The positioning of the area with a “salt health resort”, the presence of famous historical figures (I.V. Babushkin, P.I. Belyaev, etc.), the existence of unique monuments and memorable places - all this proves the fact that there is a tourist potential for further development of tourism activities.

2.1.2Velikoustyugsky district

Velikoustyugsky district was formed on June 19, 1924, located in the north-east of the Vologda region. The administrative center of the district is Veliky Ustyug. The main rivers are the Northern Dvina, Sukhona, Yug. The area is rich in forest and mineral resources, aquatic biological resources. The climate of the region is temperate continental.

A significant part of the region's economy is the forestry and woodworking industry, mechanical engineering and metalworking, food and light industries. Tourism constitutes a special part of the local economy of the region.

For the period of 2017, there are three investment projects in the municipality aimed at developing tourism. Investment projects: year-round camp "Planet of Childhood", with a capacity of 150 people; center active rest in the town of Krasavino and a sports and tourist village. As part of the project "Veliky Ustyug - Father Frost's Homeland", the tourist infrastructure is being developed, new facilities are being put into operation on the territory of Father Frost's Estate. The project "Ecopark" is being developed in the village. Parfenovskoe.

The development of tourism is one of the main directions of the region's economy. At the moment, the municipal program "Tourism Development in the Velikoustyug Municipal District for 2015-2018" is being implemented, the project of the tourist and recreational cluster "Father Frost" has been developed, new tourist routes and offers are being created, the development of various types of tourism is being stimulated: sports, event, rural, summer, etc.

Tourism of the Velikoustyugsky District is regulated by the Department of Tourism and Interregional Relations of the Property Management Committee of the Administration of the Velikoustyugsky Municipal District.

More than 400 specialists are employed in cultural, leisure and tourism activities. There are 333 club formations in 33 institutions of cultural and leisure type of the district with the number of participants 3952 people.

The tourism infrastructure of the Velikoustyug region, in particular the hospitality industry, is the most developed in comparison with the other regions under consideration (Appendix 2).

Veliky Ustyug is connected with the regional center by the road Vologda - Nikolsk - Veliky Ustyug. River passenger transportation is carried out by a passenger-and-freight ferry on the route Veliky Ustyug-Kuzino-Aristovo. Railroad station: Veliky Ustyug. Main highways of interregional significance Uren-Sharya-Nikolsk-Kotlas and Totma-Nyuksenitsa-Veliky Ustyug. The city of Veliky Ustyug has its own airport, which allows receiving and sending aircraft.

The tourist resources of the region as objectively given phenomena can serve for the further development of tourism activities. The register of tourist objects of the Veliky Ustyug region, both cultural, historical and natural, is presented in the table (Appendix 5).

Tourist routes of the region are presented extensively. Tourist organizations form family, children's, group, prefabricated and individual tours. Priority types of tourism in the Veliky Ustyug land: cultural and educational, sightseeing, event, pilgrimage, etc.

Examples of tourist programs:

one day tour to Opoki;

"Visiting Santa Claus";

"Aviation tour to Veliky Ustyug";

"In the fairy-tale kingdom, the Frosty State";

"Charm of the North";

"A fairy tale a day long", etc.

Village tourism - how modern look tourism is widespread in the tourist destination of Veliky Ustyug. Examples of rural tourism programs in the area:

Morozovitsa. Where was Santa Claus born?

“Opoki. Through the river rapids to see the rainbow";

"Kichuga. Roads of faith and love”;

"For a Day in a Country Corner", etc.

Event tourism as one of the most important types of the modern tourism industry is actively developing in the Veliky Ustyug region. Examples of event tourism program names:

Big festival at Santa Claus "Top of Summer";

Festival in the glades of Santa Claus;

"Saved, it's an hour for everything!";

New Year's fairy tale of Santa Claus, etc.

So, most of the tourist products are associated with the main brand "Veliky Ustyug - Fatherland of Father Frost". However, having a large amount of resources and developing infrastructure, the region has a huge potential for the development and improvement of tourism activities, diversification of tourism services.

2.1.3Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky district

The Kichmengsko-Gorodets municipal district is located in the eastern part of the Vologda Oblast and was formed in 1924. The Yug River is considered the main water artery. The area is considered ecologically clean and rich in forest resources. The climate of the region is temperate continental.

The region's economy consists of timber industry, food industry and agriculture. Tourism is a strategic direction of the region's economy. The program "Development of tourism in the Kichmengsko-Gorodets municipal district for 2014-2016" has been developed. Investments in the district are made mainly in the timber industry: organizing the processing of low-value wood and the disposal of sawmill waste, etc. In 2017, an investment site was created for the construction of a recreation area.

The tourism sector in the Kichmengsko-Gorodets municipality is handled by the Department of Culture, Youth Policy, Tourism and Sports. For 2016, about 160 people are involved in the tourism sector.

The tourism infrastructure of the Kichmengsko-Gorodets region is imperfect, which can be seen in the table (Appendix 3).

The district center has a stable connection with the regional center. A stable transport connection with the Arkhangelsk region has been provided. The interregional highway Uren-Sharya-Nikolsk-Kotlas passes through the Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky district.

The tourist resources of the region as objectively given phenomena can serve for the further development of tourism activities. The register of tourist objects of display of the Kichmeng-Gorodets region, both cultural, historical and natural, is presented in the table (Appendix 6).

The main tourism programs as evidence of the existence and functioning of the tourism sector in the territory of the Kichmengsko-Gorodets region are tourist routes and interactive programs, including master classes:

"Past and present of Kichmengsky Gorodok";

"Archaeological finds of our region";

"Peasant life and development of crafts";

"In a Russian hut";

"The town on Kichmeng", etc.

One of the main cultural and tourist event projects of the Kichmengsko-Gorodets region is the interregional festival "Slavs of the South". The festival unites four districts: Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Velikoustyugsky, Nikolsky districts of the Vologda region and Podosinovsky district of the Kirov region. Also, every year there is a holiday of the village of Kichmengsky Gorodok and the Preobrazhenskaya Fair.

Thus, the types of tourism that are a priority for the Kichmengsko-Gorodets region are cultural, educational, rural, and ecological. The natural potential of the region creates conditions for the development of rural tourism, and rich story and the preservation of folk traditions, crafts, samples and cultural phenomena is a factor in the development of ethnographic tourism. Thus, the collective center of traditional folk culture "Peresvet" successfully promotes the main local crafts and traditions.

2.1.4Nikolsky district

Nikolsky district is located in the southeast of the Vologda region. The district was founded in 1924. The district center is the city of Nikolsk, located 427 km from the regional center. The main river arteries are the South, Sharzhenga, Kipshenga, Lundong. In the district, the average indicator for the region of forest and mineral resources, aquatic biological resources. The climate of the region is temperate continental.

The region's economy consists of a logging and woodworking complex, food and light industry. In the Nikolsky district for the current year, two investment projects are being developed related to the forestry sector. Three investment sites have been developed in the region, two of which will positively influence the development of tourism infrastructure: the construction of a complex for organizing recreation and recreation of the population in the village of Kalinino, the construction and operation of a roadside service complex in the village of Argunovo.

Tourism in the Nikolsky district has great opportunities due to such factors as a rich history, favorable geography, and the presence of the tourist brand "Nikolsk - the pearl of the Northern Uvals". Nikolsk is the small homeland of the Vologda poet A. Yashin, writer P.V. Zasodimsky, traveler G. Patanin, student and follower of I. Michurin V. Spirin, Honored Master of Sports in biathlon A. Akhatova.

The sphere of tourism in the Nikolsky district relates, first of all, to the coordination of the department for cultural affairs of the Nikolsky municipal district of the Vologda region. As of 2016, 157 people worked in municipal cultural institutions, of which 131 were specialists.

Pass through the area car roads P7 Nikolsk-Chekshino, P157 Kotlas-Nikolsk-Sharya, Sokolovo-Nikolskoye, Kozhaev-Zavrazhye.

The tourist resources of the region as objectively given phenomena can serve for the further development of tourism activities. The register of tourist objects of display in the Nikolsky district, both cultural, historical and natural, is presented in the table (Appendix 7).

tourist routes and excursion programs Nikolsky district are of interest to tourists. Within the framework of cultural, educational, rural, pilgrimage and religious types, tours are provided:

"Pearl winter of the Northern Ridges"

"Across the holy places of the Nikolsky Territory"

"Roads of the Slavs"

"I was and remain a villager ..."

“The house where crafts live” and “Who do you remember, the old house? and etc.

Event tourism of the area should be called promising. Various festivals and holidays are held on Nikolskaya land. For example, Christmas on the Northern Ridges, Maslenitsa, the Springs of the Russian Village festival, the feast of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God, the interregional Nikolskaya - Ilyinsky Fair, etc.

So, the Nikolsky district is a territory with a historical status, cultural heritage, a positive socio-economic situation, developing infrastructure, with prospects for the development of new types of tourism, for example, cultural and ethnographic.

2.1.5Nyuksensky district

The municipality is located in the north-east of the region, formed in 1924. The district center - with. Nyuksenitsa, located 310 km from the regional capital. The area has forest and mineral resources, aquatic biological resources, large reserves of non-timber forest products. The climate of the region is temperate continental.

The region's economy is based on oil and gas transportation, food and timber industry, woodworking and agriculture. Attracting investments is one of the main tasks of the municipal administration. Innovative projects have been created in the Nyuksensky district for the current year: the national project "Living Tradition", the essence of which is the development of Russian ethno-cultural heritage and a healthy lifestyle; Mud bath project. From this it follows that there is an evolution of tourism in the territory of the Nyuksen municipality. Tourism in the region, judging by the strategy for the development of the socio-economic situation of the Nyuksen region for the period up to 2020 with changes, is the most developed type of activity.

The tourism infrastructure of the Nyuksensky district is developing, however, there is a low number of objects in comparison with the Velikoustyugsky district, as an example of the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast, and with the regional center - the city of Vologda (Appendix 3).

The tourist resources of the region as objectively given phenomena can serve for the further development of tourism activities. The register of tourist objects of display in the Nyuksensky district, both cultural, historical and natural, is presented in the table (Appendix 8).

Tourist and excursion programs of the region should be considered diverse, their examples are:

"Nyuksen games";

"Fashion from the people";

"Basic culture"

Excursion and interactive programs of the project "National Village of the Russian North" based on the village of Pozharishche;

"Nyuksenitsa Artisan", etc.

So, the Nyuksensky district is called "Russian Switzerland" with its unique nature, color and calm, measured life. "Treasury of Folk Traditions" is the main tourist brand of the territory, which provides for both the development of tourism in general and the promotion of cultural, educational, ethnographic, ecological and rural tourism in particular.

2.1.6Tarnogsky district

Tarnogsky district is located in the north-east of the region and was formed in 1935. The district center is the village. Tarnogsky Gorodok, which is located 329 km from the city of Vologda. The region has forest and mineral resources, water biological resources. The climate of the region is temperate continental.

The leading sectors of the economy are the timber industry, the food industry and trade. In the perspective of the socio-economic situation, first of all, the promotion of social stability and the development of the national economy, as well as tourism. The investment policy of the district for the current year provides for three projects: the construction of a holiday home, a boarding house based land plot with an unfinished construction project; construction of the tourist and entertainment complex "Honey Town"; construction of a campsite near the village of Sergievskaya. As you can see, the investment projects under development are aimed at expanding the infrastructure of tourism and its development as such.

The development of tourism in the Tarnogsky district is a priority activity of the municipal government. A subprogram under the number "2" was created for the period 2015-2017, which promotes the sustainable development of the tourism sector in the region. The administration of the Tarnogsky municipal district vests the department of culture, tourism and youth policy with executive power in the field of tourism of the municipality.

Tarnogsky district, in comparison with some other eastern districts, has a moderately developed tourism infrastructure (Appendix 3).

On the territory of the Tarnogsky district is located highway"Sukhonsky tract" (Totma - Veliky Ustyug). In August 2008, a bridge across the Kokshenga River was opened. Lack of navigable rivers and railways.

The tourist resources of the region as objectively given phenomena can serve for the further development of tourism activities. The register of tourist objects showing the Tarnogsky district, both cultural, historical and natural, is presented in the table (Appendix 9).

In the Tarnogsky district, according to the administration of the municipality, for 2017 there are 13 tourist routes and 7 animation programs. Tourist routes are developed within the framework of cultural, educational, rural, pilgrimage, ethnographic tourism:

"On a visit to the green shrines";

"Life and legends of Shebenga";

"To the Face of Perun";

"Shrines of Kokshenga";

"Fairytale Rus'", etc.

Event tourism in the Tarnogsky district contains all the most significant events for local residents, and is of particular interest to guests of the area. Names of programs of festivals and holidays:

District holiday "The bells are ringing over Tarnoga" (May);

Unique trees of the Vologda land (June);

Regional holiday-fair "Tarnoga - the capital of honey in the Vologda Territory" and the regional competition of beekeepers (August);

Children's folklore holiday "Pokrovsky gatherings" (October);

Regional competition "Singing Kokshenga", etc.

So, Tarnogsky district is of interest to visit due to its uniqueness, originality and historical significance of the territory and its population. There is activity in the strategic development of tourism in the region, in the development of investment projects, in particular projects related to the tourism sector.

2.1.7Totemsky district

The Totma municipality is located in the east of the Vologda region and was established in 1929. The regional center is the city of Totma, which is located 209 km from the regional center of Vologda. Main river district - Sukhona. The region has forest and mineral resources, water biological resources. The climate of the region is temperate continental.

The basis of the region's economy is the agro-industrial and timber industry, the transport industry, tourism and recreational services, and the food industry. For the current year, the priority task in the field of the economy remains to support local producers, the implementation of new projects in all sectors of the economy. For 2017, priority investment projects and sites have been created that directly affect the development of the tourism sector: the restoration of the Totma salt-healing sanatorium, the creation of a family recreation park (base).

The tourism sector is one of the basic sectors of the region's economy and promising areas for creating new projects. According to the head of the district, S.L. Selyanin: “Totemsky district has a strong potential for the development of tourism. The growth of the tourist flow in 2014 by almost 6,000 people” . The structure of the administration of the Totemsky municipal district includes the Department of Tourism and Public Projects.

The hospitality sector is included in the concept of "tourism infrastructure". Being a relatively popular place among tourists, the tourist infrastructure of the Totma region is concentrated to a greater extent in the city of Totma and is imperfect (Appendix 3).

The Totemsky district is connected with the surrounding territories by two highways of regional significance: Chekshino-Totma-Nikolsk. The length of the route is 345 km. Totma-Nyuksenitsa-Veliky Ustyug. There are no railways and an airport in the Totemsky district, so you should get there by car or bus.

There are 48 monuments of cultural heritage on the territory of the Totemsky district, including 13 of them have the status of federal significance, 35 - regional. The register of tourist objects showing the Totemsky district is presented in the table (Appendix 10).

Tourist routes of Totemsky district:

¾ "Journey to the salt springs";

¾ "Ust-Pechenga -" pine river ";

¾ “In this village the lights are not extinguished”;

¾ "Totma - the Shrine of the Russian North!";

¾ “Here is the homeland of my soul”, etc.

The territory of the Totem region, its history and the uniqueness of the region give grounds for the development of such types of tourism as cultural and historical, educational, sightseeing, active, pilgrimage and religious, rural and ethnographic. Tourist, excursion and interactive programs of these types of tourism were listed above. Event tourism is of particular importance. So, the calendar of events of the Totemsky district:

Interregional Bell Ringing Festival "Christmas Blagovest";

international distance race "Russian North" (dog sledding);

interregional festival of wooden sculpture "Reviving History";

holiday "Sukhonskaya regatta";

gastronomic festival of northern cuisine "Moroshka";

holiday "Rubtsovsky bonfire on Tolshma", p. Nikolskoye;

festival "From Totma to California, etc.

Thus, making a conclusion about the tourist potential of the Totemsky district, we point out that the activities of the subjects of the tourism sector affect the positive dynamics of its development. The promotion of the tourist product of the Totem region to the tourist market is accompanied by a developing infrastructure, cultural, spiritual and natural wealth territory, accessible information security, the presence of tourist brands: "City of merchants and sailors", "Totma - the Salt of the Russian land", "Totma - the city of the black fox", as well as the image of Totma as an open-air museum.

We conclude that the districts have tourism potential for further development of the tourism sector based on the presence of the above tourist display facilities, tourist routes, offers and event programs, as well as the developing tourism infrastructure and existing development strategies. The spiritual cultural heritage of the regions has been preserved in the form of crafts, folk crafts, traditions, legends, songs, folklore, etc.

2.2Assessment of the level of involvement of municipalities in the modern tourism practice of the region and the country

The Vologda Oblast is a very attractive region for tourists, with a rich cultural and natural heritage, significant potential in tourism. The Vologda region is included in the programs of interregional tourism projects such as: "The Silver Necklace of Russia", Live Lessons of Russia", "Patterns of Russian Cities", "Tasty Map of Russia". The region is popular with tourists from Moscow, St. Petersburg, neighboring regions and republics, some other subjects of Russia, as well as foreign tourists.

Tour operators for domestic tourism of the Vologda region are engaged in the development and compilation of tourist programs in the region. According to the data provided by the Department of Culture and Tourism of the Vologda Oblast, in 2017 there are 51 domestic tourism tour operators in the Vologda Oblast. There are 29 domestic tourism tour operators in Vologda, 12 domestic tourism tour operators in Cherepovets, 9 in Veliky Ustyug, and 1 in Kirillov [hereinafter: 18].

Tour operators in the Vologda region are companies such as LLC "Vikend", LLC "Hotel-Tour", LLC TK "TourClub Piligrim" and others. Tour operators of domestic tourism in Cherepovets are: LLC "Alba-tour", LLC "VASH-tour" ”, LLC “Columbus” and others. Tour operators in Veliky Ustyug are Ded Moroz OJSC, SMK LLC, Veliky Ustyug LLC and others. The tour operator of the Kirillovsky district is Pardus LLC.

To analyze tourism products in the tourism market of the region, it will be necessary to study the tour operators of domestic tourism in the city of Vologda, since in the future the developed project at the first stages of the life cycle will be promoted by the tour operators of Vologda. Let us take as a basis the tourist company "Hotel-Tour", on which, in the process of industrial practice, a very helpful information for the graduation project, then we will analyze its activities and compare the results with some other tour operators in Vologda (TC "TourClub Piligrim" and LLC "Weekend").

The main activity of "Hotel-Tour" is the organization of tourist and excursion routes in the Vologda region. The main directions of the "Hotel-Tour": Vologda, Kirillov, with. Ferapontovo, Totma, Veliky Ustyug, Sizma, Kuzino.

The main client base of inbound tourism "Hotel-Tour" are tourists from Moscow and St. Petersburg. In the future, to connect partners from adjacent (near) regions and the Kaliningrad region for joint activities of the implementation of tours. Due to the high competition in the tourist market, the Hotel-Tour team is ready to develop and implement new tourist routes and offers.

"Hotel-Tour" offers customers group, group and school tours. Group tours "Hotel-Tour" are included in the register of regional and interregional tourist routes of the North-Western Federal District within the framework of the interregional historical, cultural and tourist project "Silver Necklace of Russia", and these are such tourist routes as:

1."Where the carved palisade ...".

The route is the most popular tour of the Hotel-Tour company. Visiting points: Kirillov-s. Ferapontovo-Vologda. The route is radial. Tour duration: 2 days / 1 night. The cost of the tour per person is from 7600 rubles (7500 rubles - children's tariff).

2."On the holy places of the Vologda region".

Tour along the route Vologda-Kirillov-s. Ferapontovo-Sizma. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 3 days / 2 nights. The cost of the tour per person is from 12350 rubles (12250 - children's tariff).

3."Salt of the Russian Land".

Tour along the route Vologda-Kirillov-s. Ferapontovo-Totma. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 3 days / 2 nights. The cost of the tour per person is from 12,800 rubles (12,700 - children's tariff).

4."Soul of the Russian North".

Tour along the route Vologda - Kirillov - with. Ferapontovo - Kargopol - Saunino - Lyadiny - Kenozero National Park. The route is linear. The duration of the tour is 5 days / 4 nights. The cost per person is from 16,500 rubles (excluding railway tickets).

5."Golden Lace of Russia".

Tour along the route Pereslavl-Zalessky-Kostroma-Vologda-Kirillov-s. Ferapontovo-Yaroslavl. The route is linear. The duration of the tour is 3 days / 2 nights. The cost per person is from 12950 rubles. This tour is not included in the Silver Necklace of Russia.

6."Northern Territory Necklace".

Tour along the route Vologda-Kirillov-s. Ferapontovo-Veliky Ustyug-Arkhangelsk. The route is linear. The duration of the tour is 6 days / 5 nights. The cost per person is from 22,000 rubles.

Group (corporate) tours "Hotel-Tour":

1.Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo.

Group tour, duration 2 days / 1 night. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 6 days / 5 nights. Price per person from 5300 rubles (adults only).

2.Vologda-Kuzino.

Group tour, duration 2 days / 1 night. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 6 days / 5 nights. Price per person from 5600 rubles (adults only).

3.Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Sizma.

Group tour, duration 3 days / 2 nights. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 6 days / 5 nights. Price per person from 8300 rubles (adults only).

4.Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Totma.

Group tour, duration 3 days / 2 nights. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 6 days / 5 nights. Price per person from 8600 rubles (adults only).

5."Dear merchants and sailors."

Group tour along the route Veliky Ustyug-Totma-Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo, duration 5 days / 4 nights. The route is linear. The duration of the tour is 6 days / 5 nights. Price per person from 5600 rubles (adults only). The tourist route is included in the register of regional tourist routes of the North-Western Federal District within the framework of the interregional historical, cultural and tourist project "Silver Necklace of Russia"

School tours:

1."In the Heart of Northern Rus'".

School tour along the route Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 2 days / 1 night. The cost for a group is from 5900 rubles per person.

2."Original Rus'".

School tour along the route Vologda-Kuzino. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 2 days / 1 night. The cost for a group is from 6800 rubles per person.

3."Dear merchants and sailors."

School tour along the route Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Totma. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 3 days / 2 nights. The cost for a group is from 10300 rubles per person.

So, we conclude that the tourist company "Hotel-Tour" does not organize tours to some eastern regions (Babushkinsky, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Nikolsky, Nyuksensky and Tarnogsky regions). However, tourist routes are compiled in Velikoustyugsky and Totemsky regions: Totma is mentioned in four routes, Veliky Ustyug - in two. Routes that include both Totma and Veliky Ustyug are part of the tours of the interregional historical, cultural and tourist project "The Silver Necklace of Russia".

LLC TK "TourClub Piligrim" has been operating since 2003, registry number VNT 017723 in the unified register of tour operators in Russia.

The main directions of the Tour Club Piligrim TC, within the framework of tour operator activities, are points in the Vologda, Ivanovo, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Leningrad, Moscow and other regions of Russia, etc. In the Vologda region, the company provides tours and excursions to Vologda, Kirillov, s. Ferapontovo, Sizma, Veliky Ustyug, Pozharishche (Nyuksensky district), Totma, Cherepovets, Tarnogsky Gorodok.

Tour Club "TC Pilgrim" organizes group tours, group tours, school tours, tours on individual request. Combined and group tours are given below according to the scheme: Point (or points) - “tour name” (tour duration in days):

Vologda - "Quiet city, ancient city", "City with an open soul", "Orthodox Vologda" (1 day);

Vologda - Kirillov / Sizma - "Pearls of the Russian North", "Russian North - earthly delight, joy to a weary heart", "Shackles from the soul, flour from the heart", "Russian holidays" (2-3 days);

Totma - Kirillov - Vologda - "The land of gray monasteries" (3 days);

Vologda - the estate of the Bryanchaninovs (Gryazovets district) - “Lacy Vologda, domes of gold (2 days);

Vologda - Totma - Veliky Ustyug - Pozharishche - "Mosaic of the Russian North", "Poetry of the Russian village" (3-4 days);

Cherepovets-Kirillov-Sugorye Vologda-Semyonkovo ​​- "Treasures of the Vologda land" (3 days);

Vologda-Cherepovets - "Shelter of work and inspiration" (2 days);

Vologda-Kirillov-Sugorye - "Original Rus'" (2 days);

Vologda-Totma-Sugorye - "Good luck guiding star" (3 days);

Vologda-Totma - "Wonderful wonder in the Russian wilderness" (3 days).

The tourist club organizes tours to the homeland of Santa Claus - to Veliky Ustyug (“Vacations visiting Santa Claus”, “Fabulous weekend visiting Santa Claus”, “ big Adventure to Santa Claus, etc.)

Ethnographic tours created within the framework of the interregional project "Patterns of Russian cities" in the Tour Club Piligrim:

"Vologda artisan and handicraft" (Vologda-Semenkovo);

“Time is not broken” (Vologda-Totma-Fire-Great Ustyug);

"City of Masters - Veliky Ustyug" (Vologda-Veliky Ustyug);

“Wonderful wonder, the abode of thoughts and souls” (Vologda-Pokrovskoye-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Kurakino);

“Oh, my little box is full” (Vologda-Sizma);

"Patterns of a Quiet Homeland" (Vologda-Totma);

"Original Rus'" (Vologda-Sugorye).

Within the framework of the interregional interdepartmental tourist and educational project "Lessons of Russian Cities", the tourist club provides educational tours for schoolchildren (guests of the city and local residents). The tourist educational programs of the Tour Club Piligrim TC include such settlements as Vologda, Totma, Belozersk, Vytegra, Ustyuzhna, Kirillovsky district, Cherepovets, Veliky Ustyug.

So, TC "TourClub Piligrim" offers tourist routes to some of the eastern regions of the region - to Velikoustyugsky (in the city of Veliky Ustyug), to Totemsky (in the city of Totma), to Tarnogsky (in the village of Tarnogsky Gorodok), to Nyuksensky (in ethno-village Pozharishche) districts. All of the above areas belong to the interregional historical, cultural and tourist project "Silver Necklace of Russia", except for Tarnogsky. It should be noted that within the framework of inter-regional tourism, TC "TourClub Piligrim" offers tourist programs directly from Moscow to Veliky Ustyug.

Tourist company "Vikend" has been operating in the tourism market since 1995. The registry number in the unified register of tour operators in Russia is VNT 003035. Mainly, the travel company "Vikend" is engaged in receiving tourists in the Vologda region, as well as organizing sightseeing tours for groups and individual tourists. Examples of tourist routes "Weekend":

"Vologda voyage" (Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo, 2 days);

"White nights on the Vologda land" (Vologda-Semenkovo-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Goritsy, 3 days);

The beauty of the Russian North (Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Nyandoma-Kargopol-Kinezersky National Park-Machelga-Niz-Arkhangelo).

The interregional historical, cultural and tourist project "Silver Necklace of Russia" includes such regional tourist routes of LLC "Weekend" as "Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Vologda", "Totma-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Vologda", "Sizma-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Vologda ”, “Orthodox shrines of the land of Vologda” (Gryazovets district-Kirillovsky district-Vologda), interregional tourist route “Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Kem-Solovki”.

After analyzing the activities of the tour operator in the Vologda region "Weekend", it was found that this travel company does not offer tours in the eastern regions of the Vologda region, with the exception of the Totemsky district.

Thus, taking as a basis the activities of tour operators for domestic tourism in the Vologda region of three travel companies, several conclusions were made regarding the assessment of the involvement of the eastern regions of the Vologda region in the tourism practice of the region and the country. Firstly, tour operators form tours mainly in the classical directions: Vologda, Kirillov, Ferapontovo. Secondly, the involvement of the cities of Totma and the city of Veliky Ustyug in the tourist programs of the studied tourist companies is traced. Thirdly, from the eastern districts of the region, Tarnogsky and Nyuksensky districts are included in the programs, but there are few such programs. Another conclusion was made that the popularity of Veliky Ustyug is great, thanks to the mythical image of Santa Claus.

So, the eastern regions at the moment are not popular destinations in tourist activities in the region, with the exception of the city of Totma and the city of Veliky Ustyug. However, tourist routes to these cities (regions) can be called the same type: showing the most popular attractions, conducting the same type of sightseeing and thematic excursions (the same composition of different tourist routes). First of all, the following types of tourism are developing in the territories of the districts: cultural and educational, rural, pilgrimage, active.

Ethnographic tourism (as a subspecies of cultural and educational tourism), as one of the promising types of tourism for the development of tourism in the eastern regions, is in its infancy or formation. Territories have a number of advantages: profitable geographical position, reserves of natural resources, tourist and recreational opportunities, favorable environmental situation, developing production potential, political and social stability, labor resources - this favorably affects the development of the tourism sector.

During the study, the tourist potential of each region was identified, a new specific unique feature was found that connects all the studied eastern regions. In a sociological study, it was possible to identify the degree of tourist attractiveness of the regions and obstacles to the proper development of tourism in the regions. It is important that tourism contributes to the socio-economic development of municipalities and the cultural development of the individual: providing employment for the population, developing infrastructure facilities, increasing income from the sale of tourist products, expanding the horizons of a person, promoting his familiarization with culture, traditions, and a healthy lifestyle. , creating opportunities for recreation and human recreation.

3. PROJECT OF THE TOURIST AND EXCURSION ROUTE IN THE EASTERN DISTRICTS OF THE VOLOGDA REGION "FOLLOWING THE FOOTSTEPS OF ZAVOLOCHSKAYA CHUDI"

3.1Conceptual bases of the project-route

There is a problem of insufficient use of the tourist and cultural potential of the regions for their effective development. But since some separate areas as separate tourist areas are not competitive enough in the market at the moment, their totality is proposed, the creation of a “common” tourist area with a similar idea and goal. The set is understood as a single tourist product-route with the possibilities of its modeling and modification.

The assessment of tourist offers showed that the areas, with the exception of Velikoustyugsky and Totemsky districts, are little used in the tourist offers of domestic tour operators. Cultural and ethnographic tours are provided by a smaller part of the studied territories, when each region has the potential for the development and use of tourist offers in this direction. Cultural and educational tourism is recognized as one of the priority types of tourism in the regions. When compiling a register of tourist objects of display, it was found that the areas have significant potential for the development of a non-traditional type of tourism - cultural and archaeological, since there are excavation sites. Another reason for the creation of this project was the information occasion - the idea of ​​developing a law on the Russian nation, which was proposed on October 31, 2016 by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin. It is important that in the course of the sociological study it was also found that about half of the respondents do not know about the ancient ethnic group that inhabited the region, thus we consider it expedient to create a project.

So, for the eastern regions, the types of cultural and educational tourism: ethnographic, archaeological, historical tourism are one of the promising types of tourism, and cultural and educational tourism as a whole is for further development. In the future, these types of tourism can serve for a more in-depth education of citizens, broadening their horizons, awareness of the value of their nationality, education of patriotism, a factor in self-improvement, as well as replenishing the budgets of the regions, and will contribute to the development of the infrastructure of the regions. Therefore, the creation of a new and relevant tourist route through the eastern regions is a significant step for their effective development and the development of citizens.

The name of the tourist project-route. The tourist-excursion route “In the footsteps of the Zavolochskaya Chud” has such a name because it passes through places associated with any events and practices of the Chud tribes (the Chud tribes in the east of the region called the Zavolochskaya Chud).

Mission: popularization of the significance of cultural and spiritual heritage, folk culture.

The purpose of the tourist project-route. This project has the opportunity to contribute to the development of the tourism sector in the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast and increase the tourist flow in them. The purpose of the route is also to make a profit for tourism enterprises, as well as to develop and improve cultural-ethnographic, cultural-archaeological and cultural-historical types of tourism in the territories.

The objectives of the tourist project-route are:

promotion of the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast among potential tourists;

assistance in improving the socio-economic situation of the territories and their development.

Subjects of the tourist project-route. The basic subject of the project is supposed to be the tourist company Hotel-Tour LLC, in the future other travel companies of the Vologda region, as well as administrations and representatives of the tourism sector of Babushkinsky, Velikoustyugsky, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Nikolsky, Nyuksensky, Tarnogsky, Totemsky districts, further in the development perspective project administration and representatives of the tourism sector of the Kotlas district (Arkhangelsk region) and the urban district of Syktyvkar. The developer of the tourist project - A.V. Maltsev.

Target audiences of the tourist project-route: tourists, sightseers, guests of the territories, locals, investors, sponsors.

Project financing. Main sources of funding:

district administrations (district budget);

legal entities and individuals;

sponsors and investors.

Criteria of the tourist project-route. A new tourism product must meet the following requirements:

1.cognitive value. Since the tourist-excursion route is supposed to be built according to memorable places associated with the ancient Chud tribes that inhabited the territories of modern regions, this will serve to expand the knowledge of history among tourists and the awareness of their family roots by local residents with their ancient ancestors, as well as the accumulation of experience and knowledge about ethnic culture.

2.Complexity. The new tourism product consists of a set of basic and additional services and goods.

.Saturation. The tourist program includes excursions and walks, visits to tourist display sites, participation in animation programs, participation in tastings of local cuisines, as well as supplementary services and entertainment.

.Uniqueness. It was found that there are no similar tours on the territory of the Vologda Oblast, in particular in the eastern regions.

.Environmental friendliness. According to the calculation of the environmental friendliness index, carried out in 2011 by V.S. Orlova, the eastern regions are the most environmentally friendly regions of the region.

.Comfort. The selected accommodations and catering establishments meet the price / quality criterion (analysis of reviews, observation). When traveling, tourists are provided with a comfortable bus with air conditioning, panoramic windows, comfortable chairs, equipped with audiovisual and audio systems, first aid kits and the necessary security equipment. When overcoming a long distance, the following are provided: sanitary stops every 150-200 km for 15 minutes, stops for five-minute exercises, a set of simple exercises in a sitting position while the bus is moving.

.Aesthetics. Monuments of history and culture, possessing originality, peculiarity, entertainment, contribute to the aesthetic and creative education of tourists.

.Availability. All display objects are selected exclusively in the field of accessibility and patency, both in terms of geography and available infrastructure, and in terms of budget.

The content of the tourist project-route. Tourist project-route - "constructor", where the advantage of combining tourist programs-excursions is that, depending on the preferences, desires and economic situation of the client, it will be possible to create a route that, in turn, is capable of carrying the same informational and cultural-historical value and the idea that is set out (defined) in the final qualifying work. In other words, the tour can differ only in quantitative characteristics, when the qualitative indicators remain unchanged.

Options for possible tours, however, are defined. This is due to the geography of the location of the districts and their transport network and accessibility. The starting points of the tourist route should be as close as possible to the center of intercity transportation (for example, to the railway station / airport). Also, a tourist / excursionist will not be able to choose one area to visit (there is a district), for the reason that the tourist will not be able to fully master the basic concept of a tourist-excursion route. Therefore, it is necessary to list all possible variations in the design of tours. So, depending on where the primary point of the trip will be located: the beginning of the tour in the Totemsky district from Vologda; start of the tour from the city of Veliky Ustyug or from the city of Kotlas (Arkhangelsk region) or from the city of Syktyvkar (Komi Republic). However, the last two points are planned to be included in the tourist route in further development of the project, or as an additional day of the drafted project for the period 2017-2018. Depending on the number of overnight stays spent during the tour period, tourist routes are divided into: two-day, three-day, four-day, five-day, etc. Therefore, direction vectors can be chosen by tourists independently, i.e. tours will be compiled individually, however, the starting points depend on the point of collection and departure of tourist groups, individual tourists.

As stated in the theoretical part of the work, evidence of the existence of the Chud tribes as an ancient disappeared (or assimilating) population are archaeological excavations, toponymy of rivers, lakes, villages, localities, remains and remains, monuments and intangible heritage, for example, in the form of brothers, dialects, legends and fairy tales, etc.

The main material objects of the Chud's heritage are mounds, burials and cemeteries, settlements, necropolises, jewelry, dishes, bones, totems, etc. Since the Chud tribes were pagans, they attached special importance to natural phenomena, animals, stones, trees and totems (totemism , fetishism, animism). Their decorations contain either an image of an animal or a part of it (for example, hanging crow's feet).

On the territory of the Totem region, sources of the Chud civilization were found, but to this day, excavations and further research are underway. The village of Krasnoe (Sannoye) was discovered in 2002 by L.S. Andrianova. It is located on the left bank of the river. Tolshmy. The village of Tsareva is a village built on the ancient settlement of the Zavolochskaya Chud. A huge glacial granite boulder lies not far from the small river Edenga, the stone "Iron" or "Big Stone". By all indications, this is a remnant of a pagan sanctuary of the Finno-Ugric tribes - a burial site of the 10th century was found not far from the stone. The stone itself has legends, for example, one of the Gods rested on it. Local elders claim that their ancestors often guessed and conjured on a stone. In the village of Varnitsy there is a brine-lifting pipe, which was built in the 15th century. residents of the Uglitska and Glitska villages and located on the banks of the Solonukha, Lyapunikha and Kovda rivers. tourist excursion route Vologda

The Veliky Ustyug region has a number of memorial sites associated with the Chud tribes. The very origin of Veliky Ustyug is legendary. There is an opinion of archaeologists that the city arose from ancient settlements, therefore, Chud. The object - the Church of the Miracle of the Archangel Michael - in its place was a monastery, which was the center of the ancient Settlement. The Trinity Gladenky Monastery is of significant value for the developed route: the object is the last remaining of all the structures ancient city Gleden on the site of a Finno-Ugric settlement. Part of the inhabitants of ancient Gleden moved to the nearby village of Morozovitsa.

Monuments of Chud origin in the Kichmengsko-Gorodets region are, firstly, the place of the Ancient Settlement with earthen ramparts. The origin of the administrative center of the district - Kichmengsky Gorodok - according to legends and legends, refers to the buildings of the Chud, defending themselves from colonization by the Novgorodians. The basis of the town was the "Chudskaya tower". It is known that the Chud tribes came to the lands of the Russian North during the Neolithic period (approximately the 1st century AD), for this reason, the Kuznetsovo location, dating back to the Neolithic era, should be attributed to the memorable places of the Zavolochskaya Chud.

Nikolsky district as one of the settlement territories of the Chud tribes. The famous homeland of Alexander Yashin - the village of Bludnovo - based on materials from the 17th century. was referred to as "Chutskoye Dvorishche". On the site of the modern village of Skochkovo, there was a settlement with the name "Old Chudsky Oven". The Nikolsky Museum of Local Lore stores the written text of the legend about the expulsion, extermination of the Chud tribes that did not accept Christianity and is called "Kololotushka".

The village of Nyuksenitsa (Nyuksensky district) got its name thanks to the Zavolochka Chud: earlier the region was famous for the habitat of swans, which in the Finno-Ugric language sounded like “nyuksha”.

Tarnogsky Gorodok of the Tarnogsky district was previously called Kokshenka - a historically significant territory where, before the development of the Slavs, only Finno-Ugric tribes lived. The Tiunovo sanctuary is a true monument of that era. Tarnogsky district is rich in such places.

It is advisable to create routes within the framework of the project for the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast to include some of the objects of cultural and educational tourism of the regions: Babushkinsky (MBUK "Babushkinsky District Historical Museum", Ledengsky Salt Plant, etc.); Velikoustyugsky (Velikoustyugsky State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum Reserve, TsNK "Lad", etc.); Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky (Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky regional museum of local lore, CTNK "Peresvet", etc.); Nikolsky (Nikolsky Historical and Memorial Museum of the poet A.Ya. Yashin, MBUK "TsTNK Nikolsk", etc.); Nyuksensky (Regional ethnocultural center "Pozharishche", Nyuksensky regional TsNK, Nyuksensky regional museum of local lore, etc.); Tarnogsky (Tarnogsky museum, village Pershinskaya, etc.) Totemsky (Totemsky museum of local lore, etc.), Arkhangelsk region, Kotlassky district (Kotlassky museum of local lore, etc.), Syktyvkar (Finno-Ugric ethnopark, etc.)

So, this project is not without relevance, mission, goals and objectives. The project has designated target audiences, sources of funding, a description of the content of the project. The creation of a tourist-excursion route project will make a significant contribution to the economy of the regions: it will serve as a catalyst for increasing the flow of tourists, as a result, capital, and investments in the “outback” of the region. The project is important in the framework of cultural development and education, education of the local population and tourists.

3.2The program of the tourist-excursion route and its economic justification

The tourist-excursion route in the eastern regions "In the footsteps of the Chud Zavolochskaya" is a "tour-constructor", i.e. the route can consist of several modules - programs of tours of the regions, and can be compiled at the request of the tourist. A distinctive feature of the route is also its versatility: it can be both regional and interregional (including the Kotlassky district of the Arkhangelsk region, the city of Syktyvkar of the Komi Republic). We consider it purposeful to develop one of the possible specific route programs for the selected target audience (“In the footsteps of the Chud Zavolochskaya”) and make its economic justification (calculation). The route design result is technological documentation: technological map (Appendix 11) and information sheet (Appendix 12).

Description of tourist- excursion route. Route type: thematic (historical-archaeological, ethnographic), excursion. Seasonality of the route: warm season (May-September), vacation period. Type of route: circular. Type of transportation: bus and foot way of moving. Route length: 1482 km. Route duration: 4 days / 3 nights. The number of tourists in the group is from 10 + 1 to 20 + 1 people, due to the fact that some objects do not have a large capacity. The group has an accompanying person who travels for tourist purposes with the group free of charge.

Target audience: school groups from 12 to 18 years old (grades 6-11), students of secondary and higher professional educations.

The objectives of the route: acquaintance of tourists and local residents with the history of settlement and characteristics of the population of the region; consolidation of existing knowledge; recreation of tourists and their mastery of communication skills and experience in working with a group.

Basic services: transport services (bus "Haiger" for 35 seats), accommodation (hotels Dvina 3 *, Kameliya, Rassvet), meals (FB), guide services, medical insurance, entrance tickets to museums with excursion services and animation programs according to the plan .

Additional services: an additional day of the tour to the Kotlassky district of the Arkhangelsk region, an additional day of the tour to the city of Syktyvkar of the Komi Republic; accompaniment by a photographer.

Security requirement. School groups must be accompanied by a senior trusted person and carry a certificate of vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis, made no later than 2 weeks before the start of the trip.

The head of the group, in this case, the guide, is obliged to conduct a safety briefing for tourists and let them sign in a special magazine.

Information about school groups within the tourist-excursion route is transferred to the traffic police in the Vologda region, as well as to the Ministry of Emergency Situations 2-3 days before the start of the tour. Details include: itinerary, tour duration and number of tourists; car brand and state number; Full name of the owner and driver of the car, details of the driver's license and personal mobile number; details of the last vehicle inspection.

The procedure for concluding an agency agreement and paying for the tour. Before the start of the tour, the escort of the group concludes an agreement with a travel company, receives a tourist voucher, a check for payment, a tourist memo. Payment is made no later than one week before the start of the trip. The voucher is automatically canceled in case of non-payment, and can also be canceled by the customer of the tourist product.

The program of the tourist-excursion route. Route line: Vologda - Veliky Ustyug - Morozovitsa - Kichmengsky Gorodok - Nikolsk - Bludnovo - im. Babushkina - Totma - Tsareva - Fire - Nyuksenitsa - Tarnogsky Gorodok - Pershinskaya - Vologda. The tour program includes animation programs: quests, master classes - for more effective recreation, memorization of the material, arousing the interest of participants, attracting the attention of potential tourists. The route involves the story and demonstration of historically interrelated events of the region and its ethnic characteristics. The program of the tourist-excursion route is shown in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 - Tourist and excursion route program

Day 1 Time Program of activities along the route 06:00 Gathering in Vologda at the main entrance of Spasskaya GRK. Departure to Velikoustyugsky district. The first point is Veliky Ustyug (450 km). While moving to the destination, the necessary travel information is given, the guide brings tourists to the main topic of the trip.13:00Arrival. Lunch in a cafe of traditional folk cuisine. Visit to the Museum of History and Culture, exposition of the history of Veliky Ustyug XII-XX centuries. 15:30 Transfer to the village. Morozovitsa (Velikoustyugsky district) (10 km). Quest game “Wonderful game. Part 1.»18:00Return to the city. Dinner in a cafe of traditional folk cuisine19:00

Objective of the project: studying the history of the small motherland, awakening interest and respect for historical and cultural values, fostering interest and love for the small motherland, development excursion tour, contributing to the formation of a sustainable network of internal excursion routes in the Yegorkinsky rural settlement.

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MBOU "Egorkinskaya secondary school" of the Shumerlinsky district of the Chechen Republic

Information project

"Tourist-excursion route" Our ancient land ".

Leaders: Poyandaev Anatoly Nikanorovich, local historian - researcher, Member of the Guild of craftsmen and masters of arts and crafts of the Chuvash Republic,active member of the Chuvash People's Academy and Arts, head of the genealogy section of CHNANI, head of the Shumerlinsk city branch of the ChNK,

Frolov S.G. , history teacher, Ulisov V.N.,honorary local historian of the Chechen Republic, full member of the Chuvash People's Academy and Arts, People's Academician of Chuvashia, head of the Shumerlinsky district branch of the ChNK,Albutova N.M., teacher of the Chuvash language and literature.

Egorkino 2016

Objective of the project: studying the history of the small motherland, awakening interest and respect for historical and cultural values, fostering interest and love for the small motherland, developing an excursion tour that contributes to the formation of a sustainable network of internal excursion routes in the Yegorkinsky rural settlement.

Tasks :

1. Study literary and informational sources on the topic.

2. Get acquainted with the rules for compiling and conducting excursions so that everyone would be interested in them.

3. Make excursion cards of some historical objects

4. Spend virtual tour for people using presentations and photos.

Object of studybecame Yegorkinskoye rural settlement and its environs,subject of study- historical and cultural potential of the Yegorkino settlement.

When creating the work, the mainresearch methods:

1. Theoretical (study of literary sources);
2. Interrogation method (conversations with villagers, relatives);
3. The method of studying documents.

Learning activities

Selection of material about the history, cultural, historical and memorable places of our settlement, collection of photographs, memories of residents and other information. Work with various information sources.

Project implementation

1. The study of the available literature on the problem;
2. Collection of factual material based on a survey of fellow countrymen;
3. Study of documents, periodicals;
4. Viewing and selection of photos;
5. Formulation of conclusions, evaluation of the results.
6. Preparation and presentation of the results in the form of a photo album and presentation.

Project relevancedue to the importance of developing an excursion along the route of the historical places of the Yegorkinsky rural settlement, which is not very famous. In this regard, close attention should be paid to the development of just such a tourist route that would fully reflect the beauty and historical and cultural significance of the Yegorkino settlement.

The result of the project activity was the development of the tourist-excursion route "Our Ancient Land".

Introduction

Shumerlinsky district is a hospitable land, where customs, crafts, and secrets of village cuisine are carefully preserved and passed on from generation to generation. A journey through the Shumerlinsky district is a meeting with antiquity, with the grandeur of nature, the sounds of a drawn-out song and the poetry of the Chuvash composer Y. Kudakov.

Homeland is the memory of the history of the region. Motherland is native culture and the desire to preserve it. And, of course, the Motherland is the native village, its streets and houses, winters and springs, its people. Homeland is friends and acquaintances, family. Motherland is the memory of the heart about fellow countrymen, about the native land. Therefore, I would very much like everyone who comes here to know the history of their region.

Hypothesis: in our village and its surroundings there are many attractions that will be of interest to guests.

The most important thing is the choice of the place of the excursion. When determining the place of a future excursion, you need to justify what may interest tourists.

Next, we select the objects of the excursion. We determine the sights that, in your opinion, can become objects of excursions. It can be both architectural monuments, historical monuments, or simply interesting and unusual places our settlement.

The correct selection of objects, their number and the sequence of their location affects the quality of the tour.

When choosing an object of excursion, we highlight:

Location

cognitive value

expressiveness

Irregularity, uniqueness

Popularity.

The tour should not be overloaded with a large number of objects.

The object card is filled in according to the following points:

1. Name.
2. Location.
3. Brief description (author, date of construction).
4. The historical event with which the monument is associated.
5. Source of information about the monument.
6. Preservation of the monument.
7. Photo of the object.

Our tour will be a sightseeing tour, according to the method of transportation - transport, as well as a walk to see and feel all the beauty of our area.

Having conducted a survey among schoolchildren, teachers and acquaintances and having learned in more detail the history of my locality, I have chosen various places and buildings that can be used to make a route for an excursion around my small homeland.

In essence, an excursion is a walk that has both an educational and entertaining purpose. So, following the plan, we choose objects for our excursion.

1) Egorinsky rural house of culture,meeting with the folklore group "Shanchak,"Memory Watch" - a monument-obelisk to the warriors-natives of the Yegorkinsky rural settlement.

2) Tree-old-timer "Kiremet khirě" (19th century) (near the village of Egorkino)

3) Apple orchard "Ukarin"

4) Archaeological site "Gorodischensky Cape" (near the village of Egorkino)

5) Monument of nature "Pine-kiremet" (19th century) (near the village of Poyandaikino

6) man-made forest Karmal, cedar alley. Plantings of Altai cedar, fir, pine, spruce. (near the village of Poyandaikino)

7) the holy spring "Semiklyuchye" -Siv sal (near the village of Poyandaikino).

8) Ethnographic museum-estate of riding Chuvashs of the Poyandaev family (village Poyandaikino)

9) Watch of memory "- a monument-obelisk to the warriors-natives of the village of Savaderkino.

Thus, the relevance of the topic of the work is due to the importance of developing an excursion along the route of the historical places of the Yegorkinsky settlement, which is not very famous. In this regard, close attention should be paid to the development of just such a tourist route that would fully reflect the beauty and historical and cultural significance of the Yegorkino settlement.

Main part

Subject: "Our ancient land"

Duration: 6 o'clock

Length: 12 km-tourist route, 20 km-length from the city of Shumerli to the start of the route.

Excursion route: Egorkino village - Poyandaikino village - holy spring - Egorkino village - Savaderkino village.

The objects included in the route provide great value from an ecological, historical, national, cultural point of view.

Description of volunteering

Volunteer activity in the preparation of the route is to repair, bring in the proper form the objects included in the route, for example -Holy spring. "Semyklyuchye" - Siv sal (near the village of Poyandaikino), as well as helping tourists overcome obstacles when passing the route. ravines, etc., as well as assisting in cooking, setting up tents, lighting fires, etc. It is important for volunteers to remember safety precautions when overcoming water barriers, being in the forest, and lighting fires. Maintaining cleanliness and order in specially protected areas is also of no small importance.

The main objects of the excursion are the settlements of the Yegorkinsky rural settlement, and, therefore, the travel information must touch on the history of the emergence of the village of Yegorkino and its geographical location.

The northern border of the Egorkinskoye rural settlement begins from the point of intersection of the existing border of the region with the Krasnochetaisky district and the western border of quarter 17 of the Salanchik forestry of the Shumerlinsky forestry enterprise.

The eastern border of the Yegorkinsky rural settlement is moving south and runs along eastern border former lands of an agricultural production cooperative" New life".

The southern border of the Egorkinskoye rural settlement has a western slope and runs along the southern border of the former lands of the Novaya Zhizn agricultural production cooperative. Then it follows the southern border of the former agricultural production cooperative "Bolshevik" to the intersection with the eastern border of quarter 41 of the Salanchik forestry. Then it passes along the eastern border of blocks 41, 53, then turns to the west and passes along the southern borders of blocks 53, 61, 60, 59 of the Salanchik forestry of the Shumerlinsky forestry enterprise.

The western border of the Egorkinskoye rural settlement runs along the western border of quarters 59, 50, 38, 27, 17 of the Salanchik forestry of the Shumerlinsky forestry enterprise to the starting point.

History of the village of Egorkino

The beauty of these places inspires, nature fascinates.The ancient settlement of Yakurtushken settled in the wilderness of a dense mixed forest. The founder of the settlement was a fugitive serf Yakurt. It was founded in the 18th century on the top of the river Mĕrkesh (now Eskeden). Other peasants settled around Yakurt, and the village was called Yakurtushken. The inhabitants of the village were engaged in agriculture, cattle breeding, hunting for wild forest animals. In ancient times, residents wore bast shoes, homespun clothes. In the vicinity of the village once lived ancient animals - mammoths. This is evidenced by mammoth bones found near the Merkesh River. Bones, teeth, mammoth tusk in 1956 were found by students of the Egorkinsk eight-year school and handed over to the Tuvan high school as an exhibit. The find was discovered by a student Ivanov Ilya Zakharovich. On the other (southern) bank of the Mĕrkesh River at the same time (in the 18th century), not far from Yakurt, another serf Pazit settled and Pazitushkăn was formed in the neighborhood. Pazit's younger brother Eris enjoyed great prestige in the village. Later the village was called Erisushkăn (now Ariskino street).

Some old-timers claim that Eris was Pazit's servant. As if Eris killed his brother - a rich man and became in charge of his household.

Later, the villages of Yakurtushkan and Erisushkan merged into one rural community of Yakurtushkan. On the eastern side of the village of Yegorkino, near the river, peasants settled, who worked on the plot of the farm of Vasily Petrovich. The farmer himself lived in the village of Norusovo (now Kalinino, Vurnarsky district).

Our journey begins with the Yegorkinsky rural house of culture, where we are waiting formeeting with the folklore group "Shanchak".The group's repertoire includes folk songs and works by Chuvash composers. In their performances, village singers include elements of dance, round dance, and skillfully involve listeners in a group dance. As a keepsake, you can buy souvenirs, toys prepared with your own hands.

Near the Yegorkinsky rural house of culture there is a monument to the soldiers-natives of the Yegorkinsky rural settlement, who heroically fought and defended our Motherland during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, took part in the hostilities in Afghanistan and Chechnya.

The inhabitants of the village of Yegorkino prayed to the deity, thanked him, asked him for something and shared with him the fruits of their labors. By this they sought to preserve order and harmony in the world. Before chÿk it was obligatory to take a bath and put on clean clothes. After the meal, the participants of the ritual returned home, took the leftover food with them and always treated the infirm old people who could not come to chak. The film "Harvest Time" was filmed here, which tells how the wife of a front-line soldier came to pray at "Kiremet Khyra" so that her husband would return alive from the front. Local historian Ulisov V.N. helped the directors when working on the picture, even with great difficulty found a goose to shoot the film.

Next, we will look at the Ukarin apple orchard, which is located on the outskirts of the village of Yegorkino. The inhabitants who settled near the farm fence were called fences, and the settlement was called Ugarin, and later - Ogarinkino. The village of Ogarinkino was formed in the 19th century. The village of Ogarinkino was also included in the rural community of Yakurtushkan. To this day, traces of the farm remain. There are wild apple trees in the farm garden, a linden that grew near the farm house. The apple orchard "Ukarin" was founded by collective farmers in the 1960s.

Further, our route runs to one of the monuments of the early Iron Age, the ancient settlement "Khola Soch". (Gorodischensky Cape). It is located near the village of Egorkino. It is protected by the state and is an archaeological monument. There was a settlement of people who lived 2.5 thousand years ago during the early Iron Age. Ancient people were engaged in agriculture, cattle breeding, hunting, they were able to process swamp ore-limonite. The cultural monument belongs to the Gorodets culture. There is a boar trail, artificially created fortifications to protect against attacks by foreign tribes. Archaeological excavations, produced in this area, made it possible to find household items, dishes of local residents who lived 2.5 thousand years ago.

The next stage of our route is the natural monument "Pine-kiremet", which dates back to the 19th century. It is located near the village of Poyandaikino. Near this tree, local residents prayed to the deity, made sacrifices, asked higher powers to give them rain during a drought, asked them to protect them from diseases, fires, and various troubles.

In difficult times, local residents performed rites of worship to higher powers - they put coins, eggs to the tree, tied a towel to the tree - a feast. Before chÿk it was obligatory to take a bath and put on clean clothes. After the meal, the participants of the ritual returned home, took the leftover food with them and always treated the infirm old people who could not come to chak. There is a belief that a tree, if touched, gives strength and health.

Different trees grow on both sides of the ravine: pine, cedar, larch. And now at this place you can collect a tasty and healthy crop of cedar cones.

Wandering through the local ravines, you admire the beauty of the landscape of your native places. You will notice more than once that here you can receive such a charge of energy and strength that you feel renewed, as if born again! These feelings cannot be described in words. We need to come to our area! Father was right when he said that these are “holy places”!

Not far from the village of Poyandaikino there is a place called "Siv çăl", the holy spring "Semyklyuchye".

"Siv çăl" - the holy spring "Semiklyuchye" is located at a distance of 1 km from the former village of Vyselka (now does not exist) in the Alikovsky district, 2 kilometers north-west of the village of Poyandaikino, on the watershed of the rivers B. Tsivil and Vyla on an altitude of approximately 190 m above sea level. It is the source of the Eskeden River, one of the large left tributaries of the Bolshoi Tsivil River. There are 7 key water sources close to each other. This area is still preserved among the people under the name “Çich çǎl – Siv çǎl” The source has its own legend, its own beauty. The people still preserved this area under the name "Chich çǎl - Siv çǎl". Late 19th and early 20th centuries. a wooden nunnery worked here. The nuns grew potatoes and lived there. After the October Revolution, the monastery was destroyed. In the twenties of the 20th century, several monks of the church decided to move closer to the holy springs. A monastery was built in the dense forest. A desert was formed with a small farm, a vegetable garden and arable land. In the 1930s, the persecution of the church began, many were arrested and sent to camps as “enemies of the people.” The hut of the monastery was transferred to the village of Turi Vyla, Alikovsky district. The hut has survived to this day. To date, near the springs on the hill, the Raskilda Church has placed a large wooden cross. An icon was found on the site of the monastery. Spring water was examined by specialists from Cheboksary several decades ago. According to the local historian Gury Konstantinovich Terentev, water in local springs has great healing properties. Clinical studies were carried out as early as the 19th century. It was found that the exceptionally healing water contains a lot of iron and silver. The water in the spring is tasty, fresh, transparent, like crystal, miraculous. At the spring key, the soul rests from worries, protects peace. Now, near the springs on the hill, a wooden cross has been erected, an oak well and a bathhouse have been built. The holy spring is visited not only by residents of the region, but also by the entire republic. The water is tasty and ice cold even in the hottest weather. When visiting the holy spring, you can get tasty and healthy water

In one of the houses in the village, Poyandaev Anatoly Nikanorovich, local historian - researcher, Member of the Guild of artisans and masters of decorative and applied arts of the Chuvash Republic, full member of the Chuvash Folk Academy and Arts, head of the genealogy section of ChNANI, head of the Shumerlinsk city branch of the ChNK, organized a museum. It cost him a lot of work and effort to collect the number of exhibits that opened up to the eyes of citizens who came on an excursion from the Shumerlinsky Complex Center for Social Services to the Population. Here are the ends of the canvases and hems of women's shirts of the early 20th century, a whole wardrobe of everyday and festive clothes, wedding and for seeing off to the army from the beginning of the 18th century, many household utensils: a hand mill, a spinning wheel, Russian and Chuvash butter churns, over 15 types of irons and kerosene lamps, and much, much more. There is also a whole photo chronicle dating back to 1910. The abundance of various exhibits, household items, tools, clothing, works of art, created by the members of the Poyandaev family with their own hands, is striking. The owner of the house-museum can tell in detail about the history of each thing, each exhibit that is stored in his house-museum.

We end the route through the sights of the Egorkinsky rural settlement in the village of Savaderkino, where there is a monument to the soldiers native of the village of Savaderkino, who fought heroically and defended our Motherland during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, 56 villagers did not return from the battlefields.

Conclusion

Traveling will bring you the joy of communicating with open, kind people, help you find new friends and like-minded people, the beauty of nature will inspire you to do creative work.

In our settlement there are attractions that will be of interest to guests. And many tourists would love to come to our area.

And yet everyone can discover something new or look at old places in a different way. The tasks set at the beginning of the design and research work have been fulfilled. The goal has been reached.

Come visit us for inspiration!

Sources used in the preparation of the tourist-excursion project:

1. Researcher and keeper of antiquity Anatoly Poyandaev. (From publications in the periodical press in 2006-2011). Shumerlya, 2012, -100 pp., with illustrations.

2. Personal archive of Ulisov V.N., honorary local historian of the Chechen Republic, full member of the Chuvash People's Academy and Arts, People's Academician of Chuvashia, head of the Shumerlinsky regional branch of the ChNK,

3. Personal archive of the history teacher MBOU "Egorkinskaya secondary school" Frolova S.G.

4. Nazarov Mikhail. Halakhra chanlakh pur-tar. Savapla is vyran Karmal.// "Malalla".

Estimate No. 1 of the excursion and tourist route

"Our ancient land"

per 1 person (group of at least 10 people, no more than 30 people),

route duration - 6 hours

adults (2 people accompanying the group) are served free of charge

No. p / p	Expense name	Amount, rub. people
	Services for the organization of the route and tourist groups	40,00
	Acquisition and presentation of souvenirs (symbols of the Yegorkinsky rural settlement)	60,00
	Thematic tour "Sights of Yegorkino, Poyandaikino, Savaderkino".	40,00
	Lunch in the dining room	150,00
	Master Class	50, 00 (material for the master class)
	Purchase of tents. Tourist equipment (shovels, axe, rope, cauldron) lumber Stationery	1200 r. 500r. 500r 100r
	Total:	2440

Estimate No. 2 of the excursion and tourist route

"Our ancient land".

Volunteering for the improvement of the sights of the Yegorkinsky rural settlement.

per 1 person (group of at least 5 people, no more than 10 people),

No. p / p	Expense name	Amount, rub. people
	Equipment (bucket, gloves, shovel, broom, etc…)
	lumber
	Paints and varnishes
	Stationery
	Total:	1800

Passport tourist-excursion route "Our ancient land".

1 . Name of the organization that developed the route: municipal educational institution "Egorkinskaya secondary school"

3. Name of the tourist route: "Our ancient land"

4. General information about the route:

• type of tourism: pedestrian, transport
• type of trip: weekend hike
• duration (number of days): 1 day
• degree (category) of difficulty: easy
• length, 30.6 km (including the distance from the city of Shumerli to the end of the route)

Age of students: 14-16 years old

5. Hiking area: Chechnya, Shumerlinsky district

6. Detailed thread of the route: the city of Shumerlya - the village of Yegorkino - the village of Poyandaikino - the village of Savaderkino.

7. Options for entry and exit:

Entrance: no

Departure: no

8. Emergency exits from the route: no

by bus

Tourist and excursion route “Historical and architectural guide for children “I love you, my land Dergachevsky”. Target audience: schoolchildren aged 1417 Murzakova Daria Sergeevna Length of the route: 1 km. 4th year student of group 421 (pedestrian) N. G. Chernyshevsky Institute of History and International Relations in Transport (bus) - 220 km. from the direction of "Tourism" Saratov to the river. settlement Dergachi Scientific adviser: -220 km. from r. Dergachi village to Saratov Associate Professor of the Department of Tourism and Cultural Heritage Total: 440 km. Institute of History and International Relations SSU N. G. Chernyshevsky Tour Duration (including Koroleva Oksana Vladislavovna interactive classes and a picnic) - 3 hours Saratov

Project objectives: 1. Involvement of new tourist sites in the tourist area of ​​the region. 2. Expansion of knowledge about the cultural and historical values ​​of the Saratov region, namely the Dergachevsky district. 3. Increasing the tourist attractiveness of the Dergachevsky district. 4. Educational tasks. 5. Attracting attention to the history of the native land by schoolchildren. 6. Introduction of new technologies, namely the use of interactive classes for schoolchildren in a game format. Project objectives: To create a unique project-guide for schoolchildren to the significant sights of the village of Dergachi, Saratov region, using interactive classes.

In the village of Dergachi, Saratov Region, there is a large number of unique, historical and architectural sights. All of them are "long-livers" of the village. Uniqueness architectural heritage Dergachi and its significance not only for the residents of the Dergachev district, but for the entire Saratov region, lies in the fact that the village has preserved buildings built more than two hundred years ago, which keep the history of that time. There are not many similar architectural structures left in the Saratov region. Acquaintance with architectural and cultural buildings on the territory of the Dergachev district will allow children to more fully learn the history of their native land, the life and way of life of the people who inhabited the Dergachev district

The minimum number of tourists in the group is 30 people Meals - 6000 rubles (for the whole group) Transport services - 10800 rubles Excursion service - 500 rubles Additional expenses for the group - 150 rubles (for each excursionist). Total 4,500 rubles Total direct costs - 21,800 rubles Profitability (15%) - 3,270 rubles Total cost of servicing the group - 25,070 rubles. . The cost of the 1st tour package is 726 rubles

The number of tourists and the number of groups - 30 people; 22 groups Total tourists on the route - 520 people Start of service on the route - May 16, 2016 End of service on the route - October 24, 2016

Sightseeing. Object 1: The building of the Dergachevsky Orphanage for mentally retarded children (Lva Tolstoy st., 68)

Object 3: Sculptural composition "1941-1945" To Dergachev soldiers who died in the Great Patriotic War” (Maxim Gorky St.)

Practical application of the tourist-excursion route “Historical and architectural guide for children “I love you, my land Dergachevsky” Before starting to write a tourist-excursion project for children and schoolchildren, I wondered if the schoolchildren of Dergachi know the history of their native land and the most significant sights? Based on this, we conducted a sociological survey among schoolchildren aged 11-17 years. The questionnaire contained 6 questions: 1. What is patriotism? 2. Do you consider yourself a patriot? 3. Do you know the history of our village, its name? 4. What do you know about the streets of our village? 5. Do you know the sights of the village? 6. Enter your age.

57 people took part in the survey. All of them are schoolchildren of MKOU secondary school No. 1 r. village Dergachi, Saratov region. Analysis of the data obtained showed that 95% of the students surveyed are familiar with the concept of patriotism. 57 out of 57 (100%) of the surveyed schoolchildren consider themselves patriots of their country and native land. To the question “Do you know the history of our village, its names in the past? ”, only 45% of students gave the correct answer. 67% of schoolchildren are familiar with the sights of the Dergachi district, but 23% of the respondents do not know at all about the historical values ​​of the village of Dergachi.

Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that not all schoolchildren are familiar with the history of their native land. Many do not even have an idea about the sights of their native village. Having identified the current problem, it was decided to develop a tourist-excursion route for children, the main goals of which are to draw attention to the history of their native land on the part of schoolchildren and to expand knowledge about the cultural and historical values ​​of the Saratov region, namely the Dergachevsky district

Based on the information of the Dergachev Museum of Local Lore, the text of the excursion was compiled on the basis of historical data, facts and legends. The tourist excursion route “Historical and architectural guide for children “I love you, my land of Dergachevsky” is a unique project guide for schoolchildren to the significant sights of the village of Dergachi using interactive activities for children.

On November 8, 2014, the implementation of the project "I love you, my land Dergachevsky" took place. There were 23 schoolchildren aged 15-17 years old. The objects of the show were: - the building of the military commissariat of the Dergachevsky and Ozinsky districts; Church of the Archangel Michael; -Dergachev Museum of Local Lore; - Efim Fedorovich Morkov's estate; - the house of the landowner Koltunov. At the end of the tour, an interactive lesson was held with the use of outdoor games and an educational quiz, the participants of which could show their knowledge gained during the tour.