The role of air transport in the tourism industry. Synopsis on thiotd on the topic "the role and place of air transport in tourism"

11.02.2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ................................................ ................................................. .. 3
1. Air transport in tourist traffic .............................................. 4
1.1 International organizations regulating air transport .......................................................... ................................................. 7
1.2 Interaction between travel companies and airlines…………… 9
1.3 Air transportation in Russia………………………………. 13
2. Characteristics of the airline " Ural Airlines"………….. 16
2.1 Results of the airline’s activities…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………21
3. Ways to improve the quality of passenger service in air transport………………………………………………………… 27
Conclusion………………………………………………………….. 29
List of used sources…………………………………….. 30

INTRODUCTION

Transport is one of the most important components of the material base of the economy of any country.
Tourism is completely dependent on transport, its safety, speed and amenities provided to the tourist during his movement. Understanding the basics of relationships with transport companies, the rules of interaction with them in matters of ensuring the safety of passengers and their property, service is important for both tourists and travel organizers.
The relevance of this topic is that air transport is the most popular mode of transport in the world. Air transport is one of the fastest and most dynamically developing sectors of the world economy and every year it occupies an increasingly strong position in the global transport system.
The purpose of this course work: to prove that air transport is popular in tourist transportation, to consider tourist transportation in Ural Airlines and to identify ways to improve the quality of service in air transport.
To achieve the goal in the course work, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
1. Consider Features air transportation and identify the reasons for the popularity of transportation;
2. To study some aspects of servicing tourists by air;
3. Consider the work of the Ural Airlines;
The object of the study is: the airline "Ural Airlines".
The subject of the study is: the place of air transport in the system of tourist transportation in the airline "Ural Airlines".

1. AIR TRANSPORT IN TOURISM TRAFFIC

Transport is one of the most important components of the material base of the economy of any country. Since ancient times, transport has been the engine of progress. Man used any means at hand to transport people and goods. With the invention of the wheel, and a little later, various types of engines, man began to develop means of transportation accordingly: wagons, carriages, steam locomotives, airplanes, etc. This made it possible to travel long distances and for various purposes.
International tourism involves the movement of people from country to country. In studying its development, it is very important to determine its relationship with the transport industry. Success in generating tourism markets and adequate transport infrastructure are one of the most important prerequisites for the development of any tourist center. For its part, demand in tourism stimulated the rapid development of the transport industry.
Tourism is completely dependent on transport, its safety, speed and amenities provided to the tourist during his movement. Understanding the basics of relationships with transport companies, the rules of interaction with them in matters of ensuring the safety of passengers and their property, service, the use of appropriate discounts and benefits in sales is important for both tourists and travel organizers. The development of tourism is constrained by the fact that transport systems in a number of countries do not meet world standards in terms of convenience, efficiency and safety, and transport projects in terms of the construction of new airports, roads and railways require huge investments and time for their implementation.
Less than half of all international travel is by road, with the role of air transport growing every year.
In 1992, only 5% of travelers used the rail system for international travel (mainly Europe) and 8% traveled by steamboats and ferries (e.g. between the UK and France, Italy and Greece, Sweden and Denmark), and 40% of tourists reached their destination by plane.
According to statistics, the growth rate of the popularity of air transport is higher than that of road transport, which is due to the increasing expansion of the geography of travel and the existing steady trend to reduce travel time in favor of their frequency (growth of short-term long-distance tours). All this causes close attention of the tourist business to air transportation.
Airplanes are the most popular mode of transport in the world. The same can be said about air travel in tourism.
And there are a number of reasons for this:
- firstly, aviation is the fastest and most convenient mode of transport when traveling over long distances;
- secondly, the service on flights currently has an attractive appearance for tourists;
- thirdly, airline companies directly and through international booking and reservation networks pay commissions to travel agencies for each seat booked on the plane, thereby motivating them to choose air travel.
Air transport is one of the fastest and most dynamically developing sectors of the world economy and every year it occupies an increasingly strong position in the global transport system.
Now there are more than 1300 airlines in the world. On average, about 1.5 billion people are transported on flights annually. Over 470 carriers now provide international air services, about 250 of them operate international regular flights. More than 1,000 airports in the world are involved in serving international air traffic, about 650 of them serve international scheduled air transportation.
The largest airlines in the world in terms of the number of traffic are American Delta Air lines, Pan American, United, French Air France, German Lufthansa, British British Airways and others. Russian Aeroflot is considered a major airline.
However, the international air transport system is made up not only by international air carriers and airports, but also by states connected by international air lines and providing these communications, as well as international organizations in the field of air transport, taking measures to ensure its efficient functioning and safety.
The international transportation network currently covers all geographical regions and more than 150 countries of the world.

1.1 International organizations regulating air transport

Air transport is regulated in three ways:
National regulation - licensing of air carriers operating both on domestic and international routes;
Intergovernmental regulation - when regular air routes are based on agreements between the governments of the respective countries;
International regulation - when tariffs for scheduled flights are set (for airline members) on the basis of mutual agreements between participating airlines........

LIST OF SOURCES USED

1. Azar V.I. Transport and tourism. - M.: Transport, 2007.
2. Birzhakov M.B., Nikiforov V.I. Tourism industry: transportation. - St. Petersburg: Ed. house "Gerda", 2008.
3. Zorin I.V., Koverina T.P., Kvartalnov V.A. Tourism management. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2007.
4. Nikolaenko V.N., Skorobogatova L.G. Management of transport services in the field of tourism. At 2 o'clock Part 1: Lecture notes. - Yekaterinburg: Publishing house of UrGUPS, 2011.
5. Osipova O.Ya. transport services for tourists: Textbook. allowance for students of higher education. educational establishments. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2009.
6. Transport support for commercial activities: Proc. allowance / Ed. G.Ya. Rezgo. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2009.
7. Russian tourist newspaper. - URL: www. turizm.ru
8. Ministry of Transport Russian Federation. - URL: www. favt.ru/favt_new -

The role and place of air transport in tourism

Various modes of transport are used tourist organizations for the transport of tourists during travel. The main share in the overall structure of transport services belongs to air transport. The largest number tourists, especially those traveling long distances, use the services of aviation.

Road transport can rightfully be called a transport of general use, since it is used everywhere: from transfers and excursions, intra-route transportation by buses to the rental of small cars by tourists for personal use on vacation. Buses and cars transport of local and intra-regional importance. Bus sightseeing and educational tours with visits to several cities and places of interest are especially popular. For touristsit is convenient that they can travel along the route and within the city on their own transport .

The main competitor of buses in group transportation is Railway. Within our country, it has some priority over air transportation. The advantage of rail transport is also morelow tariffs and (in foreign countries) an extensive system of discounts, travel tickets, etc., allowing you to travel over much more low prices . However, neither bus nor rail transportdo not compete with aviation over long distances
Water transport, river and sea, in themselves already evoke the image of a tourist-cruise service and are used quite actively in tourism. Water travel has a number of both advantages and disadvantages compared to other modes of transport.The most significant advantages are a high level of comfort, a large volume of one-time loading, the possibility of implementing various types and purposes of tourism (cognitive, business tourism, educational, shop tourism, etc.), good rest, full complex life support . The main disadvantages can be called the low speed of movementVehicle, high fares, limited mobility, and often exposure of some people to "seasickness" on sea cruises.

Air transport in tourist traffic

Airplanes are the most popular mode of transport in the world. The same can be said about air travel in tourism. And there are a number of reasons for this:

Firstly, aviation is the fastest and most convenient mode of transport when traveling over long distances;

Secondly, the service on flights currently has an attractive appearance for tourists;

Thirdly, airline companies directly and through international booking and reservation networks pay commissions to travel agencies for each seat booked on an aircraft, thereby motivating them to choose air travel.

Now there are more than 1300 airlines in the world. On average, about 1.5 billion people are transported on flights annually. Over 470 carriers now provide international air services, about 250 of them operate international regular flights. More than 1 thousand airports of the world participate in servicing international air communications, about 650 of them serve international scheduled air transportation

The largest airlines in the world in terms of the number of flights are the American Delta Air lines, Pan Amerikan, United, the French Air France, the German Lufthansa, the British British Airways, and others. The Russian Aeroflot is considered a major airline.

Air transport is regulated in three ways:

1) national regulation - licensing of air carriers operating both on domestic and international routes;

2) intergovernmental regulation - when regular air routes are based on agreements between the governments of the respective countries;

3) international regulation - when tariffs for scheduled flights are set (for airline members) on the basis of mutual agreements between participating airlines through the International Air Transport Association (IATA) or a third party

One of the types of international regulation of air transportation are plans to createpool connecting airlines operating on certain international routes.

Pool agreement connects airlines operating on the same international routes in order to optimize aircraft schedules, reduce the direction and regulate passenger flows during peak hours and periods, as well as in order to increase profits on these routes and its further distribution between airlines

The travel agent also needs to know the rules for booking air tickets, working with stocks, fares and discounts provided by airlines.

Requirements of professional ethics when booking air tickets. In order to avoid additional inconvenience for air carriers, as well as to facilitate the booking process and improve the quality of passenger service, travel agents should adhere to the following simple rules:

Follow the standard procedures for booking tickets as determined by the particular airline.

Never book a double booking for a passenger if they can't decide which flight to take. Moreover, never issue two or more tickets for such a passenger if it is obvious that he will be able to use only one of them.

Regardless of the passenger's itinerary, be sure to try, to the extent possible, to provide the airline with telephone numbers for emergency contact with the passenger along the way.

In the event of a change in itinerary by a passenger, immediately cancel the relevant booking with the airline, as well as waive all other related services that are not required.

Strictly adhere to the deadlines and procedures for issuing tickets required by air carriers. Never issue tickets with a guaranteed seat until this guarantee has been confirmed by the respective airline.

All seats booked with airlines must be accurately recorded and properly documented. The documents being drawn up and the copies remaining with the agent must contain an indication of the flight number, date and class of flight, the status (guaranteed / non-guaranteed seat) of each individual flight, the names and initials of passengers and their contact numbers or addresses. Report immediately in the prescribed form on receipt of all deposits.

Agency agreement with the airline . In principle, some airlines consider as their agents all travel companies that have an agreement with them for a quota of seats. However, in pure form an agency agreement is work with stocks, i.e. when a travel company gets the opportunity to independently act as an airline ticket sales agency (both for its tourists and just for sale), which simplifies and speeds up the procedures for booking and issuing travel documents. The travel company itself acts as the "ticket sales office" of the airline, that is, it issues tickets itself and has the appropriate computer equipment and the right to access the booking network of this airline (for example, Gabriel at Aeroflot). This type of work with air tickets is called "work with a stock of air tickets".

Charter (aircraft rental ). When organizing charter air transportation, the customer determines the route with the airline, the obligations of the parties are discussed with him, the compliance of the lease agreement with international rules is clarified, and the cost of the flight is determined. Then a special charter agreement is concluded, which stipulates:

Type (brand) of the aircraft;

Number of places for sale;

The cost of renting an aircraft;

Route indicating airports of departure and arrival;

The duration of the contract (season, year, etc.);

Regularity of flights;

Possibility and deadlines for the withdrawal (cancellation) of the flight and the corresponding sanctions.

The peculiarity of charters is that one full flight (the second and penultimate flights - the first return after the first arrival and the last there before the last export) is carried out without tourists: on the last flight, the plane picks up the last tourists, but does not bring new ones, since it is no longer behind them. will return (i.e., for 10 tourist arrivals there are 11 flights). The formula N + 1 applies here. Thus, the largest number of flights during the period of the air charter program reduces the cost of a "drop-down" flight, and therefore reduces the fare.

soft block , in which the customer does not have any financial responsibility and has the right to completely or partially refuse their seats within a predetermined timeframe, is more convenient for the travel agent. However, if the refusal occurs later than the deadline, the customer will have to pay a fine. Usually, soft blocks are used quite rarely, since they are not always beneficial to the charter holder (be it an airline or a wholesaler tour operator).

hard block provides for strict contractual obligations on the terms of sale and payment. The customer makes an advance payment, the amount of which usually includes the sum of the cost of two paired flights. At the same time, tariffs for the implementation of a hard block are approximately 5-10% lower than for the implementation of a soft one. In addition, with a contract for a hard block, the operator and agent fix the price for the entire period of the charter, which gives the sellers a good opportunity to vary prices during the “high” period of the season.

The most common sale of seats on charter flights is the so-called combined method, which combines elements of the two above-mentioned options. The total number of places included in the block being sold is divided in a certain proportion into two parts: one of which is sold according to the "hard" system, and the other - according to the "soft" system.

Often, not one, but several tour operators act as the initiator of the charter program. At the same time, they agree in advance among themselves the conditions for organizing flights.

Normal relations with airlines when renting an aircraft provide for its payment in accordance with the contract with a mandatory balance sheet after each flight.

Charter flights must not be in conflict with the requirements of the Warsaw International Convention on the obligations of the carrier to the passenger

When signing a charter agreement, the airline almost always puts the tour operator in tough conditions. First of all, the company requires an advance payment. Whatever its maximum size, the airline always insists that the first and last flights of the charter cycle be paid in advance. Thus, it insures itself and previously imported tourists against possible non-payments. Payment for flights is negotiated in advance and is made, as a rule, 7-10 days before the start of the flight. In case of late payment, according to the contract, the company has the right to impose penalties on the customer or terminate the existing contractual relationship with him

There are currently 315 airlines operating in the air transportation market in Russia. Of these, 96 have licenses for regular flights and carry 99% of the total volume of air passengers.

Aeroflot remains the undisputed leader of the Russian aviation business. Aeroflot Russian International Airlines is the national flag carrier of Russia.

3.5. The role of transport in the development of the tourism industry

Tourism involves the movement of people from one place to another, both within the country and abroad. The legislation of a number of European countries (for example, France and Italy) classifies transport services as one of the main services provided to the traveler, along with accommodation services. In the context of tourism statistics, transport refers to the means a visitor uses to travel from their permanent residence to the visited place. However, many transport enterprises and companies not only transport tourists, but also provide transportation for ordinary passengers, mail and goods that are not related to tourism. Therefore, the seasonal nature of tourism creates serious problems for transport companies.

Air transport includes: air flights carried out according to the schedule of air passenger transportation on established routes; non-scheduled flights (mainly charter and other non-scheduled air passenger flights), as well as rental of aircraft with a crew. At the same time, a charter is understood as any passenger vehicle (air, sea, river, automobile), fully leased from a carrier by a travel company for the transportation of tourists.

Water transport includes sea and coastal, as well as inland water transport.

In maritime transport, cruise ships are of particular interest. The main emphasis in the organization of cruises is on getting positive emotions from the stay of tourists on board the ship, and not on the speed of arrival of the tourist at the destination. In some cases, ferry boats are also used to attract tourists, carrying not only the tourists themselves, but also their personal cars (vehicles). Land transport is divided into rail, bus and road (up to 8 people). Land transport must follow the scheduled traffic schedule, but off-schedule transport (special tourist trips, long-distance charter or sightseeing bus trips) can also be carried out. There is also a specialized road transport that transports tourists along the routes airport - city, station - city (transfer). Vehicle rental is widespread in the host country.

Tourism is completely dependent on transport, its safety, speed and amenities provided to the tourist during his movement. Understanding the basics of relationships with transport companies, the rules of interaction with them in matters of ensuring the safety of passengers and their property, service, the use of appropriate discounts and benefits in sales is important for both tourists and travel organizers. The development of tourism is constrained by the fact that transport systems in a number of countries do not meet world standards in terms of convenience, efficiency and safety, and transport projects, in particular, the construction of new airports, roads and railways, require huge investments and time for their implementation 1 .

1 More details about the importance of transport services in the development of tourism can be found in the work: "Service activities in tourism and hotel business". - Tomsk: Publishing House Vol. un-ta, 2004.