Hello!
I am interested in data on the monetary affairs of the military personnel of the USSR Air Force SA.
Additionally, I am interested in approximate data on the following positions (for cars):

Chief and deputy, pilots, navigator, cadet, communications,
combat units, medical service, beginning. pds, flight director,
in TEC, technology, etc. , allowances...

Deputy Chief of Staff, Chief reconnaissance in eska and regiment,
assistant chief of staff, reconnaissance, navigator, assistant navigator in the regiment
the beginning of communications in the Eska and the regiment, the beginning of the chemical service, the beginning of the food
services, beginning of the financial service, beginning of personnel / three parts, beginning of honey. service,
secretary of the VLKSM 110 in eska, in regiment 120?
secretary of the party organization 115 in Eska, in the regiment 130 ?,
propagandist, head of the Zas, head of the PDS, head of the rear,
technician, mechanic, tech, iap
in esca and regiment:
head of the command post, command and control officer,
landing system manager, forecaster officer 115,
head of meteorological service 130

Eternal Gratitude

Is it a lot or is it a little?
Well, the technician received a maximum of 750 rubles, and I got 1,300 - that's a lot. This was before the monetary reform. Then the senior pilot, then for the position ... If the ordinary pilot had a salary of 1,300 rubles, the senior pilot had 1,400 rubles, the flight commander 1,700 rubles, deputy. squadron commander 1,900 rubles, squadron commander 2,100 rubles, deputy. regiment commander 2,200 rubles, regiment commander 2,400 rubles. Such salaries were when I arrived in the regiment.
What year is the reform? In the sixty-first ... Then they became different there ...

Interview with A.I. Zuev

Home >> History >> Interview with A.I.Zuev Interview of Oleg Korytov and Konstantin Chirkin with Anatoly Ivanovich Zuev Ivanovich, retired colonel. In the past - a fighter pilot, was born on November 17, 1933, in my beloved city of Leningrad. Peasant father. He left the village and worked at the Red Triangle factory. He rose to the rank of master. // Further -

Eagle 25 25-03-2009 13:07

what is the monetary allowance of military personnel in the Soviet Army

What is the salary (cash allowance)
did the military have in the USSR?
a pilot (technician, engineer),
allowances for OUS, DB, etc. .

how was the other plane?

pilot operator Mi-24 140,-
commander 150,-
senior pilot 155,-
flight navigator 160,-
flight commander 170,-
AE navigator
c.c. on the political side
zamzkomeska 190,-
Komeska 200,-

Sincerely

AWND 25-03-2009 16:26

And for what year? After all, inflation was even in the Union.

Eagle 25 25-03-2009 16:52

70s - 80s

Eagle 25 25-03-2009 16:53

I'm interested in the 50's and 80's.

SeRgek 25-03-2009 18:04

dad for two right-handed lieutenant in the 80s 500 hours in total received

4V4 26-03-2009 13:04

From 50 to 80 salaries increased at least twice. By numbers.

Eagle 25 26-03-2009 13:25

do you know a few exactly?

Maxim V 26-03-2009 13:37

1968, lieutenant, military unit beyond the Arctic Circle - 800 rubles, 1977, major battalion commander 300 rubles, 1981 underground commander. political department of the division - 800 rubles. These figures are taken from the party ticket, party fees were paid from this amount.

Eagle 25 17-04-2009 19:42

How much was monetary compensation in monetary terms
for the days when you didn't eat at the cafeteria?

Sincerely

KDmitry 19-05-2009 20:07

1986 right-handed IL-76 lieutenant without a class - 265 rubles minus for eggs, minus contributions.

mals1 22-05-2009 12:46

1990 lieutenant, technician Su-25: 220 rubles. - minus for eggs and contributions to the Komsomol

Eagle 25 25-05-2009 23:33

KDmitry
lieutenant without class - 265 rubles

lieutenant = 120 rubles. position = 145 rubles.

what plane?

--------------------
mals1
lieutenant, technician Su-25: 220 rubles.

Su-25 technician, position 100 rubles. ?!

Eagle 25 26-05-2009 13:54

1986 right-handed Il-76 lieutenant

Il-76 aircraft - not seen

and how was SHO PKK ShK KK, etc.

Sincerely

Eagle 25 26-05-2009 13:57

and a surcharge for this aircraft

KDmitry 26-05-2009 18:20

Eagle 25 04-06-2009 17:29

Thanks KDmitry!
the pilot IL-76 also had a percentage for military qualifications
Pilot 1st class 15%, 2nd class 10% ?
and there were allowances in simple and difficult weather conditions day and night,
flights per minute 0.10 - 0.20 rubles (for flights to SMU during the day
and at night in PMU)?
or for a flight of many hours surcharges in % / money?

Eagle 25 21-06-2009 20:38

the new salary was
October 1, 1946
October 1, 1956
1.6.1966
1.7.1968
1.1.1990

Sincerely

Eagle 25 16-07-2009 16:27

it comes to me about this what it cost/cost
soldier (financial). as was the history of development.

Eagle 25 31-10-2009 14:38

allowance

4V4 05-11-2009 17:32

In the 70s, they definitely changed it a couple of times, and then they introduced the 13th one, though not for everyone.

Eagle 25 28-02-2010 19:24

From 1.10.1946...........1.10.1956.......1.7.1968
pilot......... 900 rub.... (+300).....1.200....(+20)...140
Art. pilot... 1.000 rub. ..(+300).....1.300....(+20)...150
com. link... 1.200 rub. ..(+300).....1.500....(+20)...170
com. eska.... 1.500 rub.... (+30?).....1.800.?..(+20?)...210
com. shelf... 2.100 rub.. (+20/30?)..2.300....(+10?)...240
com. div. ....2.600 rub. (?).(+20)....2.800...........280

I think since 1956. ? + 10 rub. supersonic and + 10 rubles. wing waving
pilot 1.200 rubles (for MiG) + 100 rubles. supersonic, 1.300, from 1.1.1961 130 rub

Art. pilot 150 rubles (on the MiG-23) + 10 rubles. supersonic and + 10 rubles. flapping wing - 170
(1968 - 1989)

from 1.1.1990 in the Air Force up to + 40 - 60 rubles.

Eagle 25 20-05-2010 20:05

how much was the position with the contract,
overtime in rubles?

Eagle 25 27-12-2014 11:30

communications chief of the regiment - 140, division 160?
Assistant Chief of Staff for Special Communications Regiment - 130
assistant chief of staff - officer for I.S.O. - 125?

Voron65 30-12-2014 21:49

quote: 1968, lieutenant, military unit beyond the Arctic Circle -800 rubles,

1980, Severomorsk, major with all polars (head of service at ATB) - 600 rubles.
+-

Dog1970 30-12-2014 22:47

quote: Originally posted by Eagle 25:
something worth in the passbook to
allowance

Paybooks were taken away by replacement, but Komsomol and party cards can be looked at quite accurately.

Due to the imperfection of the system of monetary allowance, the Russian Air Force began to lose young personnel. As a source in the Air Force told Izvestia, out of 80 young pilots who entered the Air Force combat units last year, almost 60 have already begun the dismissal procedure, having not served in the army for even a year. If the situation does not change, by 2015 the army will lose almost 70% of combat pilots.

The pilots themselves explain that they were deceived with money and deprived of the opportunity to fly.

Last year, when we were graduating, we were promised that from January 1, 2012 we would receive 100,000 rubles each. In reality, they received about 60 thousand rubles. And now they’ve also changed the flight rate: now, if we don’t fly 100 hours, we’ll get 37 thousand on our hands. I’d better go to Aeroflot, ”the Su-25 pilot, who is now undergoing an air flight commission before dismissal.

He explained that 70% of the salary of a combatant pilot is a bonus "for special conditions of service" and a bonus "for conscientious and efficient performance of official duties." They are charged only to those who have fulfilled the established norm of flight hours per year. And from January 1, 2012, this norm was 100 hours per year for front-line aviation pilots. This is exactly how much you need to spend in the air for everyone who flies on combat "dryers" and "MiGs" - Su-27, MiG-29, MiG-31, etc.

At the same time, if it is not difficult for transport aircraft pilots who spend 2–3 hours in one flight to meet the norm (for Il-76, Tu-154 and other transport aircraft, the norm is 140–150 hours, this is 50–60 flights), then pilots -fighters that spend only 20–30 minutes in the air per flight need to make 200 sorties in order to fly 100 hours.

The commander of one of the squadrons of long-range bombers explained to Izvestiya that it had become customary to keep young people at the helm in the Air Force since the difficult 1990s, when there was not enough fuel and serviceable machines (often there were no more than 2-3 serviceable aircraft in the air regiment). Now aces are earning at the expense of the underdevelopment of the young.

Due to the released hours, senior pilots receive an additional flight time, pass the qualification requirements "pilot-sniper", "pilot-instructor", etc. and, accordingly, their monetary allowance is growing significantly, - explained the interlocutor of Izvestia.

According to him, in February 2012, on the only Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov, the flight hours allotted for young ship pilots were transferred to the commanders of the 279th separate air regiment. Because of this, the young did not receive permission for independent flights and, upon returning to the port, were transferred from ship aviation.

And this happens everywhere, - said the interlocutor of Izvestia.

Not only were we canceled free travel to the place of vacation (with the exception of remote regions) and reduced medical care for family members, since the end of last year they stopped issuing flight uniforms - overalls, jackets, boots. You have to buy with your own money. All this can be put up with only if the allowance is high, - the squadron commander explained.

At the same time, civil airlines offer pilots 240,000 rubles a month (for an assistant ship commander who has just started flying), free medical care, free flights to anywhere, including abroad, preferential mortgage lending and other bonuses.

The only way for young pilots to leave the army is to become unfit for health. In this case, they must be transferred to ground work, and the pilot has the right to refuse it. Now only in one of the branches of the Third Central Military Clinical Hospital named after Vishnevsky, 28 young lieutenants have not passed the air-flight commissions (VLK).

In total, since the beginning of the year, about 300 military pilots, navigators and other members of aircraft crews have not passed through the country. Of these, about 60 military personnel are pilots of 2010-2011 years of release. For comparison: last year, 75 people did not pass the VLK, of which there were only seven young lieutenants.

In addition, due to age and health conditions, about 15 experienced pilots are decommissioned every year. In 2015, about 350 pilots will have to leave the helm due to reaching the service life limit of 25 years.

At the same time, flight schools until 2003 produced only 100 pilots, and since 2003 they have produced an average of about 270 specialists, of which only 80 take the helm. The rest are appointed to the positions of navigators, on-board operators, etc. It will take about two years of additional training to teach them how to fly a plane on their own.

Pilot civil aviation- a very responsible and courageous person. He is responsible for the life and health of all people on board. He must be able to make instant decisions and lead the crew. Strong physical and emotional health is a prerequisite for his work.

Aviators' income in Russia

The salaries of civil aviation pilots depend on the company they work for. A professional in a major metropolitan airline earns up to 500 thousand rubles ($8824).

The company, average in terms of transportation, pays pilots up to 150 thousand rubles. ($2647).

In a small regional airline, pilot salaries are up to 100 thousand rubles ($1765).

• Tyumen region – 215 ($3794);
• Primorsky Krai - 150 ($2647);
• Magadan region – 130 ($2294);
• Moscow region – 55 ($971);
• Khabarovsk Territory - 51 ($900);
• Leningrad region. - 40 ($706).

According to the cities of Russia, the revenue looks like this (in thousand rubles):

• Moscow - 305 ($5383);
• Voronezh - 274 ($4827);
• Kazan - 195 ($3441).

In small or regional airlines, specialists earn (in thousand rubles):

• S7 Airlines - 350 ($6177);
• UTair - 150 ($2000);
• "Russia" - 120 ($2118).

In order to receive such a salary, the pilot needs to fly a certain number of hours. The sanitary norm of flights is from 75 to 90 hours. After every eight hour flight, the pilot must rest for at least 16 hours.

In small regional airlines, there is no strong flight load or it is seasonal.

Only 20 - 50 flight hours are accumulated per month, which are paid cheaper than in the capital, so the salary can be as low as 50 - 70 thousand ($ 897 - 1235).

Arrived at the airport

The administration of this largest airline in Russia decided to interest young pilots in the prospects of working on the most modern airliners with incomes reaching European standards.

Now they invite to work those who collaborated with the company no less than three years ago.

At the same time, a one-time bonus is paid in the amount of 650 thousand rubles ($11472) KVSi 350 thousand.- co-pilot.

Remuneration of the crew commander - 470 thousand rubles. ($8295) .

Considering that during the month he must fly at least 85 hours, then an hour of flight costs 3412 rubles. ($60) .

The co-pilot receives a salary of 350 thousand rubles. ($6000), and the instructor - 500 thousand ($8824).

Income abroad

Of all Russian airlines, in one Aeroflot, salaries are approaching European ones.

Pilot income from the world's largest air carriers:

• United Airlines - $27,000;
• American Airlines - $25,000;
• Delta Air Lines - $24,500;
• China Southern - $27,500;
• Chengdu Airlines - $25,000;
• Lufthansa - $24,000;
• Air France - $22,000;
• Hawaiian Airlines - $19,500;
• Alaska Airlines - $19400;
• Finnair - $4600;
• Jet Blue - $7,000.

American airlines pay $250/hour, the flight rate is 65 hours.

In China, up to $500 is paid for one hour of flights, while you need to fly only 50 hours a month.

The average salary for pilots is $170,000 a year, but Boeing pilots are paid $250,000 a year.

Revenue of military aviators

Military pilots earn twice as much as infantrymen.

Salary depends on seniority, military rank and position.

The permanent income of an aviation major is 50,000 rubles. ($897).

Added to it are surcharges for flights in approximately the same amount. For service in foreign contingents, pilots receive an additional payment of up to 80 thousand ($1412), in the end they earn 180 - 200 thousand rubles. ($3250-3530).

Military aircraft perform the following tasks:

• reconnaissance of enemy territory;
• bombardment of ground targets;
• air battles with enemy aircraft.

Monetary allowance depends on the class of the pilot:

• III - can fly in daylight and in good weather;
• II - has a permit for daytime flights in difficult weather conditions;
• I - flies in any weather and time of day.

In addition to the basic income, military pilots are entitled to benefits:

• Providing improved nutrition.
• Priority for budget housing.
• Retirement after 20 years of service.
• Fast career growth.
• Full satisfaction from the state.

In Syria

The Fontanka newspaper denies the accusation of publishing the personal data of Major Filippov, who died in combat with militants in Syria. It reports that access to this information is poorly classified. Journalists found that knowing the personal number and date of birth of a military man, you can find out the amount of his income.

After deducting taxes, Roman Filippov received a cash allowance in the amount of 100 thousand rubles. ($1700 ).

According to journalists, this deprives the pilots of the opportunity to disguise themselves as rear servicemen so as not to become a victim of torture.

Officers serving as fighter pilots in Syria earn 400 thousand rubles ($7059) per month. Privates are provided with a surcharge of $43, and officers - $62. per day.

In the event of an insured event, pilots are paid for disability:

• Group I - 1,750,000 rubles. ($30885);
• Group II - 1,160,000 rubles. ($20472);
• Group III - 584338 rubles. ($10313).

Close relatives of the deceased pilot are paid one-time assistance in the amount of 2,340,000 rubles. ($41298) . Organization of the funeral - at the expense of the RF Ministry of Defense.

Income in the US Air Force

Pilots of the American army earn depending on the length of service and the rank received.

For a year of service, junior officers and enlisted personnel receive:

• E-1 - private - $ 18803;
• E-2 - aircraft crew member - $21,080;
• E-3 - Pilot First Class - $24,985

The monetary allowance of a lieutenant colonel reaches $106,520, a colonel - $133,140, ​​and a brigade commander - $151,285 per year. Fighter pilot gets paid 35 - 100 thousand dollars, depending on the class and time in flight.

Profits from testing new devices

The tester tests aircraft equipment for design bureaus, aircraft manufacturing plants and the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. He earns from 100 to 150 thousand rubles. ($1765 - 2647) per month.

The main factor in the amount of salary is the workload of the pilot, other criteria are also taken into account:

• number of hours in flight;
• airmanship;
• knowledge of aircraft structure.

The tester is involved in the creation of new aircraft modifications at all stages, from design to commissioning.

His experience is very important for designers who create maneuverable and easy-to-handle models.

The minimum salary of a test pilot is 40,000 rubles. ($706) . Maximum - 350,000 rubles. ($6177) .

They work in civil and military aviation, with the appropriate equipment.

Payment for their work in the CIS countries and abroad:

• Ukraine - up to 96 thousand UAH ($3586);
• Belarus - up to 8130 Bel. rub. ($4086);
• Kazakhstan - up to 751 thousand tenge ($2328);
• America - $201 thousand;
• England - $122 thousand;
• North Korea - $255,000

The test pilot performs:

1. Complex of flight tests of the aircraft.
2. Working out emergency situations and ways out of them.
3. Testing of all types of weapons installed on the aircraft.
4. Complex of tests for state certification.
5. Quality control of serial modifications.
6. Flight personnel training in the management of new equipment.

The work requires great courage and self-control.

Sitting at the helm of a new aircraft, the pilot does not know if he will return alive after these tests.

IN THE USSR

In the Soviet Union, a military pilot was paid 270 rubles for testing a new aircraft, regardless of the number of flights.

If he took to the skies 100 times, then the payment for each flight corresponded to 2 rubles. 70 kop.

For this money, the tester could dine 2-3 times in the factory canteen.

In the 70s of the last century, military pilots received monetary allowances (in rubles):

• Crew navigator on SU-2 - 170;
• Flight navigator - 180;
• Squadron navigator - 190;
• Crew commander SU-24 - 180;
• MI-8 - 135.

A battalion fighter pilot with the rank of lieutenant, in 1985, received 292 rubles. By the end of 1991, the MI-8/24 flight commander was earning 680 rubles.

Jobs

JSCNPC « PANH» in Krasnodar, offers a job to a test pilot of at least 2nd class with a work experience of five years.

Salary - 23940 rubles. ($423) .

Sports club "Oberon" in the city of Kurtamysh, Kurgan region. is looking for an employee to fill the vacant position of the PIC of the MI-2 helicopter to carry out ground processing of aviation equipment and survey territories from the air.

Salary - 90,000 rubles. ($1588) .

How much does an Aeroflot pilot earn in Russia / USA and other countries

3.7 (73.33%) voted 3

The founders of manned aviation of the modern type (heavier than air) are considered to be the Wright brothers. Even the 100th anniversary of aviation was celebrated in 2003 - on the anniversary of their first flight. No one detracts from the merits of these engineers.

But still, a manned vehicle heavier than air first took off from the ground two decades earlier. Mozhaisky's plane did not receive practical application, and his biography turned out to be short-lived. But he was the first.

Inventor's Odyssey

The creation of the Russian aircraft is surrounded by a large number of historical mysteries, myths, inaccuracies and unresolved issues. Both the objective historical realities and the peculiarities of the thinking of domestic bureaucrats are to blame for this.

A sailor with a dream of wings

It is clear that the development engineer was not an aircraft designer - in his time there was no such profession. His biography was quite ordinary for a conscious, poor nobleman. Alexander Fedorovich Mozhaisky (1825-1890) was a naval officer, rose to the rank of Rear Admiral. Naval officers were often well trained in engineering, able to carry out complex calculations.

In 1850-1855, the young sailor took part in a long voyage to Japan, and even survived a shipwreck there. There is reason to believe that he became the author of the project for the first ship in Japan equipped with a keel.

Then he took part in the Khiva campaign, as a result of which he compiled a description of the Amu Darya and the Aral Sea.

Mozhaisky also had a chance to serve on the Thundering frigate, on which members of the royal family traveled.

The rank of Rear Admiral, the inventor had already served "in civilian life" - he had to leave military service after the defeat in the Crimean War. He held administrative positions, first in the Vologda, and then in the Podolsk province.

In the latter, he gained a bad reputation, including due to aviation experiments. The peasants considered this "blasphemy". Alexander Fedorovich also worked in the St. Petersburg Shipping Company, where he mastered the principles of operation of steam engines well.

Objective difficulties

In 1856, a young naval lieutenant became interested in the aerodynamics of bird flight and began to calculate the specific loads on their wings. Later, he experimented a lot with kites and studied the properties of propellers.

There is evidence that the explorer himself took to the air several times on a kite of his own design.

The results of these studies turned Mozhaisky into the inventor of the world's first aircraft. Although the only "field test" of the sample should have been considered unsuccessful, many of Mozhaisky's ideas were successfully developed by other developers.

In his work, the inventor had to contend with serious adverse circumstances. In the second half of the century there was no theory of aerodynamics (it was later). There were no materials that combined strength and lightness (aluminum was considered a precious metal at that time). The choice of engines was also small - a steam engine, and nothing more.

The idea of ​​creating an aircraft with the ability to control and heavier than air has already gained popularity. Proposals for this part were put forward before Mozhaisky, including in Russia. But then the design of the ornithopter seemed more attractive, that is, a machine flapping its wings in the likeness of a bird.

Given these objective difficulties, Mozhaisky's achievements inspire even greater respect.

Problems of a different nature

But there were other obstacles as well. First of all, the construction of the aircraft cost money, and Mozhaisky did not have a lot of them. He was well off, but not rich. From various state commissions he managed to get money, but not always when he asked for it, and always less than what was required. It also happened that he was advised to do something else (including an ornithopter!)

To a large extent, the first aircraft was built at the expense of the designer himself. This also explains the modest success - Mozhaisky could not afford all the necessary equipment and assistants.

Road to first flight

The history of the creation of the first aircraft is replete with "white spots". It contains many inaccuracies and inconsistencies. But there are facts that have been established for sure. Many of them are connected with the circumstances of the struggle of the inventor with the bureaucracy.

Overcoming bureaucratic obstacles

In 1872, the aircraft designer completed calculations of lift and drag for various conditions. They were made on the basis of his work with the flight of birds. These studies led him to the idea of ​​an "aircraft projectile", that is, an aircraft close to the modern type, rather than an ornithopter.

In 1876, the inventor applied with his project to the War Department for funding. He initially intended to make his creation military - it was planned to install a bombing sight on it. The war with the Turks (1877-1878) was approaching, the time was well chosen. The ministry approved the project, but instead of the requested 19,000, only three were allocated.

The aircraft designer continued to work anyway, and after 2 years presented the commission (already of a different composition) with a model of the future aircraft. He was ready to move on to the manufacture of a sample capable of carrying a person, but this required funds. The commission refused, giving advice about the ornithopter.

Not giving up, the engineer procured for himself a small sum of 2,500 rubles and the right to travel abroad, which gave him the opportunity to order engines in England according to his own projects. For other materials and equipment, he paid extra from his own pocket. In 1881, everything needed was purchased. Mozhaisky again asked the Ministry for financial assistance (5 thousand) for the implementation of work, but this time the request was “wrapped up” personally by the tsar.

Flight mysteries

And this is where the mysteries begin. Everyone agrees that a full-fledged sample of A.F. Mozhaisky's aircraft with a person on board was tested. But even the date of this test is in doubt. The official name of the day is 20 July.

But the years of different specialists for some reason differ - from 1882 to 1885.

The report, dated 1884, speaks of earlier successful tests of the "model". Therefore, if it is necessary to give an exact answer to the question of when the airplane was invented, one will have to name the year 1878. Then Mozhaisky received a "privilege" (patent) for his invention. But the design of 1881 was somewhat different from the declared one.

The test results are also described differently. According to the most popular version, the world's first plane still took off the ground, accelerating on a wooden track with a slight slope, and then fell on the wing due to pilot error. But there is also an opinion that the takeoff did not happen at all, and the plane collapsed during the takeoff run.

No one doubts that the inventor himself did not try to fly.

It is understandable - the age is not flying. The first Russian pilot was a mechanic, Mozhaisky's assistant. It is known that he received minor injuries in the accident, but it is not certain what his name was. Many historians call the name N. Golubev. But others are sure that there was no person with such a surname in Mozhaisky's entourage.

Specifications

The world's first aircraft was stored in improper conditions for a long time. After the death of its creator, it was completely dismantled. In practical conditions, it was not used, and its specifications restored according to Mozhaisky's documents and descriptions of eyewitnesses.

Basic indicators

Mozhaisky's aircraft should be attributed to the fuselage propeller monoplanes. To create it, wood, lacquered silk fabric, and wire were used. The engines were made in England. Russia itself has not yet produced enough good cars, and the designer rejected the American model.

According to the research of technology historians, the aircraft had the following indicators:

• Height - 7.5 m;
• Length - 25 m;
• Wing area - 329 sq.m;
• Wingspan - 23.2 m;
• Maximum takeoff weight - 1266 kg;
• Speed ​​(calculated) - 40 km / h;
• Number of screws - 3 (2 on the wings, 1 on the nose);
• Number of engines - 2;
• The total power of the engines is 30 hp. (20+10)

The aircraft had horizontal and vertical control. In the course of work, changes were made to the design. So, according to the project, all the screws had to be the same size, but the researchers found that in the final version the front screw was made larger than the other two. The engines were shifted and the aircraft received a weighted nose.

The pilot had at his disposal two control rudders, an inclinometer, an altimeter, and a compass.
The creator called his brainchild "Firebird".

Modern verification

In Soviet times, several prominent experts in the field of aviation (V.F. Bolkhovitinov, B.N. Yuryev, V.B. Shavrov and others) conducted research on the Mozhaisky project in order to check the possibility of its implementation.

Scholars have expressed different opinions. Many assumed that with steam engines, the plane had no chance of taking off at all. But the main point of view was that it was possible, and even stabilized level flight was possible. But this required additional conditions:

• inclined runway;
• Afterburner engines at the start;
• Headwind during takeoff.

Most experts agreed that with the available power of the machines, the chances of a stabilized flight for the aircraft were small.

Obviously, the inventor also understood this. Shortly after the tests, he tried to order more powerful engines. Lack of money interfered.

Real Results

Despite the modest results of the flight of the Firebird, the contribution of A.F. Mozhaisky to the development of aviation is great. Many of his ideas were later applied to more successful designs.

1. The engineer calculated the formulas for aviation: the ratio of drag force and lift force;
2. Mozhaisky, in the course of his work, proposed the first attempts to formulate the laws of aerodynamics;
3. He used pull and push propellers; now most propeller-driven aircraft use pulling structures;
4. The inventor was the first to propose a fuselage type of aircraft, which turned out to be the most promising;
5. Mozhaisky developed the theory of vertical and horizontal control. He first put forward the idea of ​​ailerons (controlling moving parts of the wings);
6. The fuselage of the aircraft was made in the form of a boat, and the inventor himself claimed that his creation should float. Thus, the Russian engineer should be considered the father of "flying boats".

At that time, the development of Mozhaisky did not receive wide publicity. As a result, aeronauts died for a long time due to the lack of control systems (this is how the famous inventor Otto Lilienthal crashed). And the Wright brothers had to “reinvent the wheel” anew.

They did it in more favorable conditions, so they got a better result. At the same time, the brothers did not take into account some details that were interesting to Mozhaisky - there were no ailerons in their designs.

In books and films

But later the inventor was given credit. His name was given to the village in the Vologda region, where he once lived. The St. Petersburg Military Space Academy bears his name.

Mozhaisky himself and his plane even turned into heroes of cinema and literary works.

In 1950, the poet S. Vasiliev wrote a poem about testing the first aircraft and its designer. In the same year, director V.I. Pudovkin portrayed the scene of testing Mozhaisky's plane in his film about Zhukovsky.
Modern literature has turned the "Firebird" into a hero of fantastic works.

In 2013, the book of the Belarusian writer A.E. Matvienko "Airplanes over Mukden" (genre of alternative history) was published. In it, the fate of the invention was more favorable. And in 2016, the cult V. Pelevin released the Methuselah Lamp, which also depicts the invention of the first aircraft in fantastic form.

Russia is not the birthplace of elephants, and one should not attribute all the world's inventions to the Russians. They've actually done enough. Including the invention of the airplane.

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